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Updated: Jul 5, 2026
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Immunization of Alpacas (Lama pacos) with Protein Antigens and Production of Antigen-specific Single Domain Antibodies
Published on: January 26, 2019
Pseudomonas-associated discospondylitis in a two-month-old llama
Radhakrishna Sura1, Anne Creden, Herbert J Van Kruiningen
1University of Connecticut, Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, Storrs, CT 06269-3089, USA. radhakrishna.sura@uconn.edu
Summary
A young llama developed progressive neurological signs and was diagnosed with Pseudomonas-associated discospondylitis. This rare spinal infection caused intervertebral disc disease and spinal cord damage.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Neurology
- Comparative Pathology
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Tetraparesis in young camelids can stem from various neurological conditions.
- Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for managing spinal disorders in llamas.
Observation:
- A 2-month-old llama presented with ataxia and diminished reflexes, progressing despite antibiotic and corticosteroid treatment.
- Cervical spine radiography revealed intervertebral disc abnormalities and vertebral exostosis.
Findings:
- Necropsy confirmed cervical intervertebral disc disease and vertebral exostosis.
- Microscopic examination showed spinal cord malacia and intervertebral tissue necrosis.
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa was identified as the causative agent in the intervertebral disc and cerebrospinal fluid.
Implications:
- This case represents the first documented instance of Pseudomonas-associated discospondylitis in a llama.
- Highlights the importance of considering bacterial infections in camelid spinal diseases.
- Informs diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for similar presentations in veterinary practice.
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