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Related Concept Videos

Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...
Papillary Dermis01:11

Papillary Dermis

Dermis
The dermis might be considered the "core" of the integumentary system, as distinct from the epidermis and hypodermis. It contains blood and lymph vessels, nerves, and other structures, such as hair follicles and sweat glands. The dermis is made of two layers of connective tissue that comprise an interconnected mesh of elastin and collagenous fibers, produced by fibroblasts.
Papillary Layer
The papillary layer is made of loose, areolar connective tissue, which means the collagen and...
Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

Skin Diseases and Disorders

Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...
Desmosomes01:05

Desmosomes

The term desmosome derives from the Greek words "desmo" and "soma" meaning "adhesion bodies." This structure was first observed during the late 1800s and described as small, dense nodules in the epidermis. Desmosomes are button-like structures that help form an interlinked network of intermediate filaments across the cells. These junctions are  essential to hold cells together under mechanical stress and to maintain tissue integrity. Desmosomes are multi-protein complexes comprising desmosomal...
Pigmentation01:19

Pigmentation

The color of the skin is influenced by a number of pigments, including melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin. Recall that melanin is produced by cells called melanocytes, which are found scattered throughout the stratum basale of the epidermis. The melanin is transferred to the keratinocytes via melanosomes.
Melanin occurs in two primary forms: eumelanin that provides black and brown pigment and pheomelanin that provides red color. Dark-skinned individuals produce more melanin than those with pale...
Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial exposure to a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Technique of Conjunctival Biopsy and Direct Immunofluorescence for Diagnosing Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid
05:05

Technique of Conjunctival Biopsy and Direct Immunofluorescence for Diagnosing Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid

Published on: June 17, 2025

Pemphigus foliaceus.

David Dasher1, David Rubenstein, Luis A Diaz

  • 1Department of Dermatology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.

Current Directions in Autoimmunity
|May 8, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Pemphigus foliaceus (PF) and fogo selvagem (FS) involve IgG autoantibodies targeting desmoglein 1 (Dsg1), causing superficial skin blisters. Understanding this autoimmune mechanism offers insights into broader autoimmunity.

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Immunology
  • Autoimmunity

Background:

  • Pemphigus foliaceus (PF) and its endemic form, fogo selvagem (FS), are autoimmune blistering skin diseases.
  • Unlike pemphigus vulgaris (PV), PF and FS primarily affect the superficial epidermis without mucosal lesions.
  • Histopathology reveals acantholysis in the upper epidermis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of IgG autoantibodies in the pathogenesis of Pemphigus foliaceus and fogo selvagem.
  • To elucidate the specific autoantigen targeted by these antibodies.
  • To understand the mechanisms of keratinocyte intercellular adhesion loss in PF/FS.

Main Methods:

  • Serological analysis to detect IgG autoantibodies against keratinocyte cell surfaces.
  • Identification of the specific autoantigen as desmoglein 1 (Dsg1).

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Granulocyte-dependent Autoantibody-induced Skin Blistering
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Granulocyte-dependent Autoantibody-induced Skin Blistering

Published on: October 12, 2012

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Technique of Conjunctival Biopsy and Direct Immunofluorescence for Diagnosing Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid
05:05

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Granulocyte-dependent Autoantibody-induced Skin Blistering
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Granulocyte-dependent Autoantibody-induced Skin Blistering

Published on: October 12, 2012

  • Investigation into the pathogenic mechanisms induced by anti-Dsg1 autoantibodies.

    • Main Results:

    • Consistent detection of IgG autoantibodies against keratinocyte surfaces in PF and FS patients.
    • Desmoglein 1 (Dsg1) identified as the primary autoantigen.
    • Evidence supporting the pathogenic role of anti-Dsg1 autoantibodies in inducing acantholysis.

    Conclusions:

    • Anti-Dsg1 autoantibodies are the serological hallmark and pathogenic drivers of Pemphigus foliaceus and fogo selvagem.
    • The study of PF and FS pathogenesis provides valuable insights into general autoimmune mechanisms.
    • Further research into anti-Dsg autoantibody mechanisms can advance understanding of autoimmunity.