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Updated: Aug 14, 2026

Generation of Induced Regulatory T Cells from Primary Human Naïve and Memory T Cells
Published on: April 16, 2012
Regulation of interleukin-2 gene enhancer activity by the T cell accessory molecule CD28
J D Fraser1, B A Irving, G R Crabtree
1Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco 94143.
Abstract:
The mechanism by which cell surface molecules regulate T cell production of lymphokines is poorly understood. Production of interleukin-2 (IL-2) can be regulated by signal transduction pathways distinct from those induced by the T cell antigen receptor. Stimulation of CD28, a molecule expressed on most human T cells, induced the formation of a protein complex that bound to a site on the IL-2 gene distinct from previously described binding sites and increased IL-2 enhancer activity fivefold. The CD28-responsive complex bound to the IL-2 gene between -164 and -154 base pairs from the transcription start site. The sequence of this element is similar to regions conserved in the 5' flanking regions of several other lymphokine genes.
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