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Non-traumatic enophthalmos: a review.
Paul A Athanasiov1, Venkatesh C Prabhakaran, Dinesh Selva
1Oculoplastic and Orbital Division, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Adelaide and South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology, Adelaide, Australia. eye@health.sa.gov.au
Acta Ophthalmologica
|May 9, 2008
Summary
Non-traumatic enophthalmos, a posterior globe displacement, presents varied symptoms and can indicate underlying conditions. Early evaluation and management are key for addressing cosmetic and functional issues.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Orbital Disease
Background:
- Enophthalmos involves posterior displacement of the eye within the orbit.
- Non-traumatic enophthalmos presents diverse clinical signs and can signal systemic or local diseases.
- Symptoms range from cosmetic concerns like deep superior sulcus to functional issues such as diplopia.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the clinical presentations of non-traumatic enophthalmos.
- To discuss the primary causes and pathogenic mechanisms of enophthalmos.
- To outline an approach for clinical evaluation and management principles.
Main Methods:
- Review of literature on non-traumatic enophthalmos.
- Discussion of pathogenic mechanisms: orbital structural changes, fat atrophy, and tissue retraction.
- Emphasis on comprehensive ophthalmic and systemic examination, including orbital imaging.
Main Results:
- Non-traumatic enophthalmos has varied presentations and etiologies.
- Key pathogenic mechanisms include orbital structural alterations, orbital fat atrophy, and tissue retraction.
- Diagnostic evaluation involves imaging and thorough patient examination.
Conclusions:
- Non-traumatic enophthalmos requires careful evaluation to identify underlying causes.
- Management strategies depend on the specific cause and presenting symptoms.
- Prompt diagnosis and treatment are essential for functional and cosmetic outcomes.
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