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Related Concept Videos

Immunological Memory01:23

Immunological Memory

Immunological memory, a pivotal pillar of the adaptive immune system, is responsible for the body's ability to remember and respond more swiftly and effectively to previously encountered pathogens. This remarkable feature is what makes vaccines so effective in preventing diseases.
What is Immunological Memory?
Immunological memory is an integral function of the immune system that allows it to recognize and react more rapidly and effectively to pathogens previously encountered. This feature is...
Development of Immunocompetence01:22

Development of Immunocompetence

The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

Overview
Smallpox01:24

Smallpox

Smallpox is a severe contagious disease caused by the Variola major virus, a double-stranded DNA member of the Poxviridae family.Variola major transmission occurs primarily via inhalation of virus-laden droplets or direct contact with infectious scabs. The incubation period averages approximately seven days, although it may range from 7 to 17 days depending on the inoculum and host factors.Clinically, the prodromal phase is marked by an abrupt onset of high fever, malaise, headache, and myalgia.
Vaccines01:21

Vaccines

Vaccines are among the most effective tools in preventive medicine, designed to prepare the immune system to recognize and combat infectious agents. By introducing antigens—substances that the immune system identifies as foreign—vaccines stimulate an adaptive immune response that leads to immunological memory. This immunological memory enables the body to mount a faster and more effective response upon future exposures to the actual pathogen.Vaccines can be categorized based on the type of...
Rh Blood Group01:19

Rh Blood Group

The Rhesus (Rh) antigen is crucial in determining blood groups and ensuring compatibility during blood transfusions.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Noninvasive Sampling of Mucosal Lining Fluid for the Quantification of In Vivo Upper Airway Immune-mediator Levels
05:31

Noninvasive Sampling of Mucosal Lining Fluid for the Quantification of In Vivo Upper Airway Immune-mediator Levels

Published on: August 7, 2017

Does primary immunisation status predict MMR uptake?

A Pearce1, D Elliman, C Law

  • 1Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK.

Archives of Disease in Childhood
|May 9, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Children unvaccinated with primary vaccines are significantly more likely to miss the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine. Targeted strategies are needed to improve MMR uptake in these vulnerable populations.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Health
  • Immunology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Primary vaccination is crucial for preventing infectious diseases in children.
  • MMR (measles, mumps, and rubella) vaccine uptake is a key indicator of public health.
  • Understanding factors influencing MMR uptake is essential for disease control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the association between primary immunisation status and MMR vaccine uptake.
  • To identify children at higher risk of not receiving the MMR vaccine.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the nationally representative Millennium Cohort Study.
  • Included 14,578 children born in the UK between 2000-2002 with immunisation data.
  • Assessed MMR status at 3 years of age.

Main Results:

  • 88.6% of children received the MMR vaccine, 5.2% received single antigen vaccines, and 6.1% were unimmunised at age 3.
  • Children unimmunised with primary vaccines were 13-17 times more likely to be unimmunised with MMR.
  • Partial primary immunisation also increased the likelihood of not receiving MMR and using single antigen vaccines.

Conclusions:

  • Lack of primary vaccination is a strong predictor of MMR vaccine non-receipt.
  • Further research is required to develop effective interventions for this group.
  • Public health initiatives should focus on improving MMR uptake among children with incomplete primary immunisation schedules.