Intimate partner violence and its implication for pregnancy

Area of Science:

• Obstetrics and Gynecology
• Public Health
• Sociology

Background:

• Intimate partner violence (IPV) is prevalent during pregnancy, posing significant risks to maternal and infant health.
• IPV during pregnancy is linked to increased maternal mortality, stress, substance use, preterm birth, low birth weight, and infectious complications.
• Violence often continues postpartum, with adolescents facing heightened risks. Exposure to IPV in childhood leads to immediate and lifelong adverse health outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

• To highlight the severe consequences of intimate partner violence (IPV) during pregnancy.
• To emphasize the increased health risks for pregnant individuals, infants, and children exposed to IPV.
• To underscore the role of healthcare providers in identifying and supporting victims of IPV.

Main Methods:

• This study is a review of the literature on intimate partner violence (IPV) and its impact on pregnancy and child health.
• The review synthesizes existing research on the prevalence, risks, and healthcare implications of IPV in pregnant populations.
• Data is drawn from studies examining maternal mortality, infant outcomes, child development, and healthcare utilization related to IPV.

Main Results:

• Pregnant individuals experiencing IPV face higher rates of stress, substance use, preterm birth, low birth weight infants, and infectious complications.
• Homicide is a leading cause of maternal death, often linked to IPV.
• Children exposed to IPV experience significant immediate and long-term adverse health outcomes.
• IPV contributes substantially to increased healthcare costs due to direct injury treatment and higher service utilization.

Conclusions:

• Intimate partner violence (IPV) during pregnancy is a critical public health issue with devastating consequences for maternal and child well-being.
• Healthcare providers are uniquely positioned to identify pregnant individuals experiencing IPV and connect them with essential support services.
• Early identification and intervention are crucial to mitigate the adverse effects of IPV on families and reduce associated healthcare burdens.