Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

DNA Bacteriophages01:26

DNA Bacteriophages

Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that specifically infect bacteria, utilizing their genetic material to hijack host cellular machinery for replication. DNA bacteriophages employ single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) or double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genomes. These phages exhibit diverse replication strategies and host interactions, influencing their ecological roles and applications in biotechnology and medicine.ssDNA BacteriophagesssDNA phages, with their small genomes, utilize unique strategies to...
Viral Replication: Lysogenic Cycle01:16

Viral Replication: Lysogenic Cycle

The lysogenic cycle is a crucial viral replication strategy that allows bacteriophages to persist within host cells without immediately destroying them. This process is primarily observed in temperate phages, such as bacteriophage lambda (λ), which infects Escherichia coli. The cycle allows the viral genome to persist across bacterial generations while keeping host cells viable.Integration of the Viral GenomeUpon infection, bacteriophage lambda attaches to the bacterial surface and injects its...
Bacteriophages of the Human Virome01:23

Bacteriophages of the Human Virome

Bacteriophages are found throughout the human body. They may even outnumber eukaryotic viruses, forming an important and dynamic component of the human virome. Indeed, phages represent the most abundant viral entities, with densities in the gut reaching up to 10⁹ particles per gram of fecal matter, and many belonging to orders such as Caudovirales and Microviridae, while a substantial proportion remains unclassified as viral “dark matter.”Lysogeny and Genetic ExchangeIn the gut, bacteriophages...
Evolution of Microbial Genome01:08

Evolution of Microbial Genome

Microbial genome evolution is a highly dynamic process shaped by continual gene gain and loss across species and strains. This genomic flexibility allows microorganisms to adapt rapidly to environmental pressures and interactions with other organisms. Central to understanding this diversity is the distinction between the core and pan genomes.The core genome comprises the genes shared by all sampled strains of a species, representing essential functions needed for fundamental cellular processes.
Lysogenic Cycle of Bacteriophages00:43

Lysogenic Cycle of Bacteriophages

In contrast to the lytic cycle, phages infecting bacteria via the lysogenic cycle do not immediately kill their host cell. Instead, they combine their genome with the host genome, allowing the bacteria to replicate the phage DNA along with the bacterial genome. The incorporated copy of the phage genome is called the prophage. Some prophages can re-activate and enter the lytic cycle. This often occurs in response to a perturbation, such as DNA damage, but can also transpire in the absence of...
Genomic DNA in Prokaryotes00:46

Genomic DNA in Prokaryotes

The genome of most prokaryotic organisms consists of double-stranded DNA organized into one circular chromosome in a region of cytoplasm called the nucleoid. The chromosome is tightly wound, or supercoiled, for efficient storage. Prokaryotes also contain other circular pieces of DNA called plasmids. These plasmids are smaller than the chromosome and often carry genes that confer adaptive functions, such as antibiotic resistance.
Genomic Diversity in Bacteria
Although bacterial genomes are much...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Prevalence of complications and comorbidities associated with obesity: a health insurance claims analysis.

BMC public health·2025
Same author

Lineage-specific patterns in the Moraceae family allow identification of convergent P450 enzymes involved in furanocoumarin biosynthesis.

The New phytologist·2025
Same author

Transcriptomic resources for Bagrada hilaris (Burmeister), a widespread invasive pest of Brassicales.

PloS one·2024
Same author

Genomic, transcriptomic, and metabolomic analyses reveal convergent evolution of oxime biosynthesis in Darwin's orchid.

Molecular plant·2024
Same author

Sequence diversity in the monooxygenases involved in oxime production in plant defense and signaling: a conservative revision in the nomenclature of the highly complex CYP79 family.

The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology·2024
Same author

Cytochromes P450 evolution in the plant terrestrialization context.

Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Phage Phenomics: Physiological Approaches to Characterize Novel Viral Proteins
09:40

Phage Phenomics: Physiological Approaches to Characterize Novel Viral Proteins

Published on: June 11, 2015

Genome landscapes and bacteriophage codon usage.

Julius B Lucks1, David R Nelson, Grzegorz R Kudla

  • 1FAS Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

Plos Computational Biology
|May 9, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bacteriophages infecting bacteria show biased codon usage, favoring host-preferred codons. This suggests translational selection influences viral gene expression, impacting protein production and viral fitness across diverse phage genomes.

More Related Videos

Understanding the Impact of Temperate Bacteriophages on Their Lysogens Through Transcriptomics
09:23

Understanding the Impact of Temperate Bacteriophages on Their Lysogens Through Transcriptomics

Published on: January 5, 2024

Bacteriophage Removal from Infected Salmonella Cultures
07:19

Bacteriophage Removal from Infected Salmonella Cultures

Published on: June 28, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Phage Phenomics: Physiological Approaches to Characterize Novel Viral Proteins
09:40

Phage Phenomics: Physiological Approaches to Characterize Novel Viral Proteins

Published on: June 11, 2015

Understanding the Impact of Temperate Bacteriophages on Their Lysogens Through Transcriptomics
09:23

Understanding the Impact of Temperate Bacteriophages on Their Lysogens Through Transcriptomics

Published on: January 5, 2024

Bacteriophage Removal from Infected Salmonella Cultures
07:19

Bacteriophage Removal from Infected Salmonella Cultures

Published on: June 28, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Virology

Background:

  • Protein-coding genes display unequal synonymous codon usage across life.
  • Translational selection is a key factor shaping codon usage patterns in prokaryotes and simple eukaryotes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Analyze codon usage patterns in 74 bacteriophages infecting E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and L. lactis.
  • Investigate the role of translational selection in shaping viral gene codon usage.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a "genome landscape" concept to reveal long-range codon usage patterns.
  • Employed randomization tests to assess GC content and host-codon adaptation significance.
  • Compared codon usage bias in phage structural proteins (head, tail) versus non-structural proteins.

Main Results:

  • 33 out of 74 phage genomes showed significant non-random patterns in GC3-content or host-preferred codon usage.
  • Phage head and tail proteins exhibited a significant bias towards host-preferred codons.
  • Non-structural phage proteins did not show the same bias.

Conclusions:

  • Results support the hypothesis of translational selection acting on viral genes.
  • Viral genes are selected for host-preferred codons to optimize translation.
  • This phenomenon is observed across a broad range of bacteriophages.