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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease II: Emphysema01:23

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease II: Emphysema

Emphysema, a major phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is characterized by irreversible destruction of alveolar walls and permanent enlargement of distal airspaces. Unlike chronic bronchitis, which primarily affects the airways, emphysema predominantly involves the lung parenchyma, where structural damage leads to airflow limitation.PathophysiologyIt most commonly results from prolonged exposure to cigarette smoke and other toxic gases, particularly cigarette smoke.
Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System VI: Calcium -Scoring CT01:25

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System VI: Calcium -Scoring CT

Calcium-Scoring CT ScanA calcium-scoring CT scan, also known as coronary artery calcium (CAC) scan, detects calcium deposits in the coronary arteries. This test assesses the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD), which can lead to cardiovascular events such as angina, heart failure, and sudden cardiac arrest.A calcium-scoring CT scan is generally recommended for individuals at intermediate risk of CAD without symptoms. It includes:Men aged 40-75 and women aged 50-75: Especially those with a...
Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System III: X-Ray01:20

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System III: X-Ray

The most common cardiovascular diagnostic test is an X-ray. It produces images of the heart, blood vessels, and adjacent structures.
Definition and Purpose
An X-ray, or radiograph, is a non-invasive method that uses ionizing radiation to take images of internal structures. It is mainly used in cardiac imaging to examine the heart, lungs, and major blood vessels, aiming to identify abnormalities in the heart's size, shape, and position, such as heart failure, congenital defects, and vascular...
Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology01:26

Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) originates from a series of events that impair the function of coronary arteries, the blood vessels responsible for delivering oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. The pathophysiology of CAD is closely linked to atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory and lipid-driven condition affecting the vascular endothelium.1. Endothelial DamageThe process begins with damage to the vascular endothelium, which serves as a protective barrier between the blood and the vessel...
Coronary Artery Disease I: Introduction01:30

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Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): An Overview with Scientific InsightsCoronary Artery Disease (CAD), often referred to as C-A-D, is a prevalent blood vessel disorder classified under the broader category of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a pathological process characterized by the hardening and narrowing of arteries due to the accumulation of atherosclerotic plaques. These plaques are composed of cholesterol, fatty substances, inflammatory cells, calcium, and fibrin, reducing blood flow to...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease I: Introduction01:23

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease I: Introduction

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a common, preventable, and treatable respiratory disorder characterized by persistent symptoms and progressive airflow limitation. This limitation results from a combination of small-airway disease (obstructive bronchiolitis) and parenchymal destruction (emphysema), both driven by chronic inflammation from exposure to harmful particles or gases.The disease includes two main pathological entities: emphysema, marked by destruction of alveolar walls and...

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Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Identifying Coronary Artery Calcification on Non-gated Computed Tomography Scans
04:40

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Published on: August 28, 2018

Coronary artery calcification and emphysema.

Eyad K Alhaj1, Nezam Eldeen Alhaj, Steven R Bergmann

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Good Samaritan Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. eyadalhaj@yahoo.com

The Canadian Journal of Cardiology
|May 10, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Emphysema patients show a higher prevalence of significant coronary artery calcification, a key indicator of coronary artery disease. This finding highlights the increased cardiovascular risk in individuals with emphysema.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Pulmonology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Emphysema is often associated with an increased risk of coronary artery disease.
  • Limited research exists on the prevalence of significant coronary artery disease in emphysema patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the prevalence of significant coronary artery disease in emphysema patients.
  • To assess coronary artery calcification using electron beam computed tomography.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective chart review of 1720 patients who underwent heart and lung imaging.
  • Electron beam computed tomography (EBCT) used for imaging.
  • Logistic regression analysis to identify factors associated with coronary artery calcification.

Main Results:

  • Age, sex, hypertension, and smoking were independent risk factors for coronary artery calcification.
  • Emphysema patients exhibited higher rates of smoking and hypertension.
  • A significant difference in coronary artery calcification scores (≥100) was observed between emphysema and control groups (P=0.013).

Conclusions:

  • Emphysema patients demonstrate a higher prevalence of significant coronary artery calcification (score > 100).
  • Coexisting smoking and hypertension may contribute to increased coronary artery calcification in emphysema.
  • No significant difference in chest pain or shortness of breath symptoms was noted between groups.