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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Pharyngitis01:23

Chronic Pharyngitis

Chronic pharyngitis refers to persistent inflammation of the pharyngial mucosa.
Etiology
It often arises from persistent viral or bacterial infections affecting sinuses and tonsils.
Additional contributing factors include inadequate dental hygiene, mouth breathing, recurring tonsillitis, allergic rhinitis, laryngopharyngeal reflux, and exposure to smoke, chemicals, and other environmental pollutants. Allergic reactions to pollen, mold, and pet dander, chronic cough, excessive voice usage,...
Anatomy of Respiratory System I: Upper Respiratory Tract01:29

Anatomy of Respiratory System I: Upper Respiratory Tract

The upper respiratory tract plays a vital role in the respiratory system, comprising several structures that facilitate air intake and prepare air for the lungs. It also serves as the first line of defense against pathogens and particles. This tract includes the nose and nasal cavity, the oral cavity, the paranasal sinuses, and the pharynx, each with specific functions and features.
Nose and nasal cavity
The nose and nasal cavity represent the main external openings of the respiratory tract.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features01:24

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features

Chronic bronchitis is a key phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterized by airway-centered inflammation and mucus overproduction. It develops from long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases, most commonly cigarette smoke, which triggers a persistent inflammatory response.Cellular and Structural ChangesInflammation initially affects the large bronchi and later the smaller airways, with infiltration by immune cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, and...
Asthma I: Introduction01:28

Asthma I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by variable airflow obstruction and heightened bronchial responsiveness to a wide range of triggers. The underlying inflammation leads to airway swelling, mucus hypersecretion, and smooth muscle constriction, all of which narrow the airway lumen and impede airflow. Clinically, asthma presents with recurrent episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing, symptoms that typically vary in intensity and...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease I: Introduction01:23

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease I: Introduction

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a common, preventable, and treatable respiratory disorder characterized by persistent symptoms and progressive airflow limitation. This limitation results from a combination of small-airway disease (obstructive bronchiolitis) and parenchymal destruction (emphysema), both driven by chronic inflammation from exposure to harmful particles or gases.The disease includes two main pathological entities: emphysema, marked by destruction of alveolar walls and...
Asthma III: Clinical Manifestations01:13

Asthma III: Clinical Manifestations

Asthma presents with a characteristic pattern of episodic respiratory symptoms that reflect underlying airway inflammation, bronchoconstriction, and mucus hypersecretion. Although severity varies among individuals, certain clinical manifestations are considered hallmarks of the disorder and often guide diagnosis and assessment.Respiratory SymptomsA persistent cough is one of the most common early features of asthma. It is frequently dry and tends to worsen at night or in the early morning,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Symptom Assessment of Patients with Allergic Rhinitis Using an Allergen Exposure Chamber
08:47

Symptom Assessment of Patients with Allergic Rhinitis Using an Allergen Exposure Chamber

Published on: March 3, 2023

Chronic rhinosinusitis - 'it's my sinus doc!'.

Christopher Brown1

  • 1Consultant ENT Surgeon, Melbourne Nasal and Sinus Clinic, East Melbourne, Victoria. chrisbrown.ent@gmail.com

Australian Family Physician
|May 10, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common condition requiring at least 12 weeks of symptoms for diagnosis. Management includes medical therapy, with surgery reserved for refractory cases.

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Symptom Assessment of Patients with Allergic Rhinitis Using an Allergen Exposure Chamber
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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Allergy and Immunology

Background:

  • Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a prevalent condition associated with substantial patient morbidity.
  • CRS presents significant financial burdens on healthcare systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the diagnostic criteria for adult CRS.
  • To detail differential diagnoses for CRS.
  • To describe appropriate investigations and management strategies for CRS.

Main Methods:

  • Diagnosis relies on symptoms lasting at least 12 weeks, supported by examination and/or CT findings.
  • Computerized tomography (CT) scans are indicated for non-responsive cases or diagnostic uncertainty.
  • Maximal medical therapy typically includes nasal saline irrigations, corticosteroids, and antibiotics.

Main Results:

  • Rhinosinusitis is the preferred term, reflecting pathophysiology.
  • CRS diagnosis requires persistent symptoms and objective findings.
  • Surgical intervention is a last resort for medically refractory CRS.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate diagnosis of CRS is crucial for effective management.
  • A stepwise approach involving medical therapy before considering surgery is recommended.
  • Understanding the pathophysiology supports the term rhinosinusitis over sinusitis.