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Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Metabolism and Excretion

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Metabolism and Excretion

Drug metabolism, a critical process in the liver, involves two primary phases: Phase I reactions and Phase II conjugation. Obesity introduces significant alterations in this metabolic process, primarily due to fatty infiltration of the liver, leading to conditions such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This condition can modify the activities of both Phase I and II enzymes, impacting how drugs are metabolized in obese patients.Phase I metabolism sees variable effects across...

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Prescription drugs require a prescription from a medical practitioner and can only be obtained from a pharmacy. They have many applications, including treating pain, anxiety, and hypertension.
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Obesity significantly alters the pharmacokinetic processes of drug absorption and distribution, presenting unique challenges in medical treatment. The increased fat tissue and decreased lean muscle in obese individuals can significantly affect how drugs are absorbed into the body and distributed across different tissues. This alteration can lead to variances in the effectiveness and safety of medications, necessitating adjustments in dosing or drug selection for obese patients.One notable...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Co-Translational Insertion of Membrane Proteins into Preformed Nanodiscs

Co-Translational Insertion of Membrane Proteins into Preformed Nanodiscs

Published on: November 19, 2020

Orlistat F Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd.

¹Albany College of Pharmacy, 106 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY 12208, USA. malonem@panther.acp.edu

Idrugs : the Investigational Drugs Journal

|May 10, 2008

Summary

Orlistat, an obesity drug, showed efficacy but raised concerns regarding a statistically significant increased risk of breast cancer in clinical trials. Further studies are required to confirm safety and finalize regulatory approvals.

Area of Science:

Pharmacology
Oncology
Drug Development

Background:

Orlistat (Xenical) is a lipase inhibitor developed by Roche for obesity treatment.
It received approval in several countries and was under review by the US FDA and European Commission.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Orlistat for obesity treatment.
To address regulatory requirements for final approval, including safety data on breast cancer.

Main Methods:

Phase III clinical trials were conducted to assess Orlistat's effects.
Data analysis included efficacy, safety, and specific attention to breast neoplasm occurrences.

Main Results:

Orlistat demonstrated efficacy in obesity treatment.

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Co-Translational Insertion of Membrane Proteins into Preformed Nanodiscs

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Published on: November 19, 2020

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A statistically significant increased risk of breast cancer was observed in patients taking Orlistat compared to placebo.

The relative risk was estimated to be 5.9-fold greater, or 3.6-fold greater including follow-up.

Conclusions:

While Orlistat shows efficacy, further clinical trials are necessary to rule out links between the drug and breast cancer.
Regulatory approval was pending, contingent on further safety data and labeling agreements.