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Related Concept Videos

Framing Effects03:26

Framing Effects

Information is everywhere and its presentation—such as how and when items are presented—can impact our perceptions and decisions surrounding the info. This broad concept umbrellas framing effects—influences that occur due to the way information is framed in its appearance, whether it’s purely the order or the specific wording of a message. Let’s take a look at numerous ways in which two versions of something can objectively say the same thing, yet we respond in different ways based on the...
Fundamental Attribution Error01:14

Fundamental Attribution Error

According to some social psychologists, people tend to overemphasize internal factors as explanations—or attributions—for the behavior of other people. They tend to assume that the behavior of another person is a trait of that person, and to underestimate the power of the situation on the behavior of others. They tend to fail to recognize when the behavior of another is due to situational variables, and thus to the person’s state. This erroneous assumption is called the fundamental attribution...
Self-Discrepancy Theory02:45

Self-Discrepancy Theory

One influential perspective on what motivates people's behavior is detailed in Tory Higgin's self-discrepancy theory (Higgins, 1987). He proposed that people hold disagreeing internal representations of themselves that lead to different emotional states.
Theory of Attribution II: Kelley's Covariation Theory01:29

Theory of Attribution II: Kelley's Covariation Theory

Attribution theory plays a crucial role in social psychology, helping to explain how individuals interpret the causes of behavior. One prominent model within this field is Harold Kelley's covariation theory, which provides a systematic approach to determining whether internal traits or external circumstances drive a person's actions. The model posits that individuals rely on three key types of information—consensus, consistency, and distinctiveness—to make these judgments.Consensus: Comparing...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Measuring the Subjective Value of Risky and Ambiguous Options using Experimental Economics and Functional MRI Methods
13:04

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Published on: September 19, 2012

Explaining contradictory relations between risk perception and risk taking.

Britain Mills1, Valerie F Reyna, Steven Estrada

  • 1Department of Human Development, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.

Psychological Science
|May 10, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Risk perception and behavior findings differ based on measurement. Quantitative risk perception correlates positively with risky behavior, while gist-based perception shows a protective negative correlation, supporting dual-process theory.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Risk Analysis

Background:

  • Conflicting findings exist regarding the relationship between perceived risk and actual behavior.
  • Previous research has not adequately explained these discrepancies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test a theoretical explanation reconciling opposite relations between perceived risk and behavior.
  • To investigate the role of measurement methods in shaping the perceived risk-behavior link.

Main Methods:

  • Adolescents (N=596) completed risk perception measures varying in cue specificity and response format.
  • Measures assessed both verbatim (quantitative) and gist-based (global) risk judgments.
  • Fuzzy-trace theory principles guided the study design.

Main Results:

  • Quantitative risk perception measures correlated positively with risky behavior.
  • Gist-based risk perception measures correlated negatively with risky behavior, indicating a protective effect.
  • Adherence to simple values and principles was associated with reduced risk-taking.

Conclusions:

  • Results support a dual-processes model of risk perception and behavior.
  • The relationship between perceived risk and behavior depends on whether verbatim or gist processing is triggered.
  • Measurement methodology is crucial for understanding risk perception's influence on behavior.