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Related Concept Videos

Maintenance of the ES Cell State01:14

Maintenance of the ES Cell State

The cells of the blastocyst inner cell mass only remain pluripotent for a short time. This state of pluripotency and self-renewal can be maintained in embryonic stem (ES) cell culture by adding specific chemicals or growth factors to ensure the cells can continue dividing and later differentiate into different cell types. In some cases, the cells are grown on a feeder layer of differentiated cells, which provides the growth factors and extracellular matrix components necessary for stem cell...
Determination01:51

Determination

During embryogenesis, cells become progressively committed to different fates through a two-step process: specification followed by determination. Specification is demonstrated by removing a segment of an early embryo, “neutrally” culturing the tissue in vitro—for example, in a petri dish with simple medium—and then observing the derivatives. If the cultured region gives rise to cell types that it would normally generate in the embryo, this means that it is specified. In contrast, determination...
Stem Cell Niche01:26

Stem Cell Niche

The stem cell niche is the dynamic microenvironment where stem cells reside. Inside these niches, the cells may remain undifferentiated, undergo high self-renewal, or become lineage-specific progenitors. Stem cells coexist with other niche cells, such as stromal cells. They also interact closely with the ECM. Cell-cell and cell-matrix communication occur via adhesion molecules or soluble factors that signal the stem cells and determine their fate. Stromal cells also provide survival signals to...
Embryonic Stem Cells00:58

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
Embryonic Stem Cells00:57

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
ES cells are grown in a culture medium where they can divide indefinitely, creating ES cell lines. Under certain conditions, ES cells can differentiate, either spontaneously into a variety of...

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Efficient Neural Differentiation using Single-Cell Culture of Human Embryonic Stem Cells
11:17

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Published on: January 18, 2020

Cell-cell interaction modulates neuroectodermal specification of embryonic stem cells.

Biju Parekkadan1, Yevgeny Berdichevsky, Daniel Irimia

  • 1Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and the Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, MA, USA.

Neuroscience Letters
|May 10, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cell-cell interactions, specifically via connexin 43 (Cx-43) gap junctions, are crucial for guiding embryonic stem (ES) cell neuroectodermal differentiation. This study highlights Cx-43

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Published on: April 22, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Cellular Signaling

Background:

  • Controlled differentiation of embryonic stem (ES) cells is vital for various applications.
  • Previous research focused on soluble factors and extracellular matrices, neglecting cell-cell interactions.
  • Understanding cell-cell contact's role in ES cell fate determination is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of cell-cell interactions in embryonic stem cell neuroectodermal specification.
  • To explore the influence of neighboring cells on ES cell differentiation using microscale culture.
  • To identify molecular mediators of cell-cell contact-dependent ES cell fate decisions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a microfabricated cell pair array to control cell-cell contact.
  • Employed an ES cell line expressing Sox1-GFP to track neuroectodermal commitment.
  • Assessed the impact of cell contact age and screened for cell adhesion molecules, including connexin 43 (Cx-43).

Main Results:

  • A specified Sox1-GFP+ cell could induce differentiation in an adjacent undifferentiated ES cell.
  • This induction was dependent on direct cell-cell contact and the age of the specified cell.
  • Connexin 43 (Cx-43) expression correlated with age-dependent effects, and Cx-43 deficient ES cells exhibited impaired neuroectodermal specification.

Conclusions:

  • Cell-cell interactions, mediated by connexin 43 (Cx-43) through gap junctional signaling, are critical for neuroectodermal lineage commitment.
  • Microscale culture techniques offer a powerful approach to dissect complex cellular interactions in ES cell differentiation.
  • This study provides novel insights into developmental processes previously obscured by bulk culture methods.