Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Generating Transposon Insertion Libraries in Gram-Negative Bacteria for High-Throughput Sequencing
08:19

Generating Transposon Insertion Libraries in Gram-Negative Bacteria for High-Throughput Sequencing

Published on: July 7, 2020

The Salmonella PmrAB regulon: lipopolysaccharide modifications, antimicrobial peptide resistance and more

John S Gunn1

  • 1Center for Microbial Interface Biology, Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University, 460 W. 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210-1214, USA. gunn.43@osu.edu

Trends in Microbiology
|May 10, 2008
PubMed

Insights

Microbes use two-component regulatory systems to adapt to environments. The PmrA-PmrB system in Salmonella modifies lipopolysaccharide for survival during infection.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Pathogenesis

Background:

  • Microbes sense and respond to environmental cues using two-component regulatory systems.
  • These systems often regulate virulence factors and are influenced by host signals for infection.
  • Salmonella spp. survive in diverse host environments, including macrophages and mucosal surfaces.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of the PmrA-PmrB two-component system in Salmonella pathogenesis.
  • To highlight how this system aids microbial survival in host environments.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on microbial regulatory systems and Salmonella pathogenesis.
  • Analysis of studies investigating the PmrA-PmrB system and its targets.

Main Results:

  • The PmrA-PmrB system is a key Salmonella virulence mechanism activated in vivo.
  • This system regulates genes involved in lipopolysaccharide modification.
  • Lipopolysaccharide modification enhances Salmonella survival in host and non-host environments.

Conclusions:

  • The PmrA-PmrB two-component system is crucial for Salmonella adaptation and survival.
  • Modulation of lipopolysaccharide by PmrA-PmrB is a critical strategy for pathogenesis.

More Related Videos

A Non-Coding Small RNA MicC Contributes to Virulence in Outer Membrane Proteins in Salmonella Enteritidis06:30

A Non-Coding Small RNA MicC Contributes to Virulence in Outer Membrane Proteins in Salmonella Enteritidis

Published on: January 27, 2021

Purification and Visualization of Lipopolysaccharide from Gram-negative Bacteria by Hot Aqueous-phenol Extraction05:31

Purification and Visualization of Lipopolysaccharide from Gram-negative Bacteria by Hot Aqueous-phenol Extraction

Published on: May 28, 2012

Related Concept Videos

Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance01:25

Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) presents a critical public health threat, arising from its capacity to resist β-lactam antibiotics due to acquisition of the mecA gene within the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec). This gene encodes penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a), which impairs binding efficacy of methicillin and other β-lactams. MRSA has evolved into distinct clonal lineages impacting humans and animals alike, reinforcing its significance within the One...
Mechanism of Antibiotic Resistance in MRSA01:25

Mechanism of Antibiotic Resistance in MRSA

Antibiotic resistance in bacteria arises when microorganisms evolve the ability to withstand drugs designed to kill them or inhibit their growth, rendering once-effective treatments useless. This phenomenon, driven by genetic change and selection under antibiotic exposure, poses a profound threat to modern medicine. Mechanisms include drug-inactivating enzymes (e.g., β-lactamases), efflux pumps that eject antibiotics, mutations altering antibiotic targets, decreased drug uptake, and acquisition...
Gene Regulation in Microbial Communities: Quorum Sensing01:28

Gene Regulation in Microbial Communities: Quorum Sensing

Quorum sensing is a mechanism of bacterial communication that enables coordinated gene expression in response to changes in population density. This facilitates collective behaviors that enhance survival, resource acquisition, and ecological adaptation. This process relies on small signaling molecules called autoinducers that accumulate as bacterial populations grow. When a critical threshold concentration of autoinducers is reached, bacterial cells collectively modify gene expression,...
Global Regulatory Systems01:28

Global Regulatory Systems

Global regulatory systems in bacteria enable rapid and coordinated responses to environmental changes by integrating sensory inputs with gene expression, ensuring efficient adaptation to fluctuating conditions. Key global regulatory mechanisms include regulons, two-component systems, sigma factors, and secondary messengers.Regulons and Global RegulatorsA regulon is a collection of genes and operons controlled by a common global regulator. These regulators enable bacteria to prioritize resource...
Formation of Lipopolysaccharides01:19

Formation of Lipopolysaccharides

Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are crucial components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, serving both structural and functional roles. It contributes to membrane stability and protects bacteria from host immune responses. LPS is composed of three major regions—lipid A, a core oligosaccharide, and an O antigen. The biosynthesis and assembly of LPS involve a highly coordinated set of enzymatic reactions and transport mechanisms. Additionally, LPS is recognized as an endotoxin, triggering...
Development of Antibiotic Resistance01:30

Development of Antibiotic Resistance

Antibiotic resistance is a major public health concern that arises when bacteria evolve mechanisms to withstand the effects of antibiotic treatments. This resistance can be intrinsic, acquired through genetic mutations, or transferred between bacteria via horizontal gene transfer. The development of antibiotic resistance poses significant challenges in treating bacterial infections and necessitates ongoing research to develop new therapeutic strategies.Intrinsic resistance occurs when bacterial...