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Related Concept Videos

Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification01:24

Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification

Bone formation, or ossification, begins around the sixth to seventh week of embryonic development. Most bones develop from a cartilaginous template through the process of endochondral ossification. Cartilage formation begins when clusters of mesenchymal cells differentiate into chondrocytes. These chondrocytes proliferate rapidly and secrete an extracellular matrix that becomes encased in a membrane called the perichondrium. The resulting cartilage model provides a template that resembles the...
Growth of Cartilage and Bone Tissue01:27

Growth of Cartilage and Bone Tissue

Chondrocytes form a temporary cartilaginous model by dividing and secreting a thick gel-like extracellular matrix. Once the chondrocytes undergo programmed cell death, osteoblasts enter the site of the cartilaginous model. The process of replacing the temporary cartilaginous model with bone in an ordered manner is called endochondral ossification. In endochondral ossification, not all of the cartilage is replaced by bone tissue. Some cartilage that performs a protective and supportive function...
Development of the Limb Synovial Joints01:07

Development of the Limb Synovial Joints

Joints form during embryonic development in conjunction with the formation and growth of the associated bones. The embryonic tissue that gives rise to all bones, cartilage, and connective tissues of the body is called mesenchyme.
The mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into chondrocytes that form the hyaline cartilage, and later the cartilaginous model of the bone. This model further transforms into a bone. This process is known as endochondral ossification.
During development, the limbs...
Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification01:29

Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification

Intramembranous ossification is one of the two processes involved in the development of bones within an embryo. The flat bones of the face, most of the cranial bones, and the clavicles are formed via this process. During intramembranous ossification, the bones develop directly from sheets of undifferentiated mesenchymal connective tissue.
The process begins when mesenchymal cells in the embryonic skeleton gather together and differentiate into osteogenic cells, which then develop into...
Embryonic Stem Cells00:58

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration01:21

Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration

Stem cell therapy is a method used in regenerative medicine to repair and restore function to damaged tissues and organs. Stem cells have the potential to proliferate and differentiate into various tissue types, making them ideal candidates for tissue regeneration. For example, hematopoietic stem cell transplants are commonly used in blood cancer treatment to replenish damaged bone marrow and restore healthy blood cells.
Types of Stem Cells used in Stem Cell Therapy
The two main cell types that...

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Integrated Bone Formation Through In Vivo Endochondral Ossification Using Mesenchymal Stem Cells
06:05

Integrated Bone Formation Through In Vivo Endochondral Ossification Using Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Published on: July 14, 2023

Endochondral bone tissue engineering using embryonic stem cells.

Jojanneke M Jukes1, Sanne K Both, Anouk Leusink

  • 1Institute for Biomedical Technology, Department of Tissue Regeneration, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB, Enschede, The Netherlands.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|May 10, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) can engineer bone tissue via endochondral ossification. Cartilage tissue-engineered constructs derived from ESCs successfully regenerated bone in critical-size defects, offering a new model for bone formation studies.

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Treatment of Osteochondral Defects in the Rabbit's Knee Joint by Implantation of Allogeneic Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Fibrin Clots
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Treatment of Osteochondral Defects in the Rabbit's Knee Joint by Implantation of Allogeneic Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Fibrin Clots

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Chondrogenic Pellet Formation from Cord Blood-derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
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Chondrogenic Pellet Formation from Cord Blood-derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

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Treatment of Osteochondral Defects in the Rabbit's Knee Joint by Implantation of Allogeneic Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Fibrin Clots
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Chondrogenic Pellet Formation from Cord Blood-derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
12:10

Chondrogenic Pellet Formation from Cord Blood-derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Published on: June 19, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Biomaterials Science

Background:

  • Direct differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) into osteoblasts for bone tissue engineering remains challenging.
  • Existing methods for bone regeneration often face limitations in cell supply and integration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate a novel approach for bone tissue engineering using ESCs through endochondral ossification.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of ESC-derived cartilage tissue-engineered constructs (CTECs) for bone regeneration.
  • To establish ESCs as a model system for studying endochondral bone formation.

Main Methods:

  • Mouse ESCs were seeded on scaffolds to form cartilage matrices in vitro.
  • Cartilage tissue-engineered constructs (CTECs) were implanted subcutaneously and orthotopically into rat cranial defects.
  • Chondrogenic differentiation periods were varied to assess their impact on bone formation.
  • Mesenchymal stem cells and articular chondrocytes were used for comparative analysis.

Main Results:

  • Subcutaneous implantation of CTECs led to cartilage maturation, calcification, and replacement by bone within 21 days.
  • A pre-formed cartilage matrix was essential for ESC-driven bone formation.
  • CTECs implanted into critical-size cranial defects in rats resulted in efficient bone regeneration.
  • ESCs demonstrated potential as a model for studying endochondral ossification.

Conclusions:

  • ESC-based CTECs provide a viable strategy for bone tissue engineering via endochondral ossification.
  • This approach offers a controlled and reproducible method for generating bone tissue.
  • ESCs serve as a valuable tool for investigating the mechanisms of endochondral bone formation.