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Related Concept Videos

General Transcription Factors01:30

General Transcription Factors

Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
Ribosome Profiling02:24

Ribosome Profiling

Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
Applications of ribosome profiling
Ribosome profiling has many applications, including in vivo monitoring of translation inside a particular organ or tissue type and quantifying new protein synthesis levels.
The technique helps...
Transcription Factors02:16

Transcription Factors

Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the addition of a...
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Polysome Fractionation and Analysis of Mammalian Translatomes on a Genome-wide Scale
10:56

Polysome Fractionation and Analysis of Mammalian Translatomes on a Genome-wide Scale

Published on: May 17, 2014

Multifaceted mammalian transcriptome.

Piero Carninci1, Jun Yasuda, Yoshihide Hayashizaki

  • 1Genome Science Laboratory, Discovery and Research Institute, RIKEN Wako Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan. rgscerg@gsc.riken.jp

Current Opinion in Cell Biology
|May 13, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Mammalian genomes produce a vast array of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) with diverse biological roles. Further research is needed to fully understand the complex mechanisms and origins of these essential molecules.

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Assessment of Selective mRNA Translation in Mammalian Cells by Polysome Profiling
10:00

Assessment of Selective mRNA Translation in Mammalian Cells by Polysome Profiling

Published on: October 28, 2014

Multiplexed Analysis of Retinal Gene Expression and Chromatin Accessibility Using scRNA-Seq and scATAC-Seq
06:24

Multiplexed Analysis of Retinal Gene Expression and Chromatin Accessibility Using scRNA-Seq and scATAC-Seq

Published on: March 12, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Polysome Fractionation and Analysis of Mammalian Translatomes on a Genome-wide Scale
10:56

Polysome Fractionation and Analysis of Mammalian Translatomes on a Genome-wide Scale

Published on: May 17, 2014

Assessment of Selective mRNA Translation in Mammalian Cells by Polysome Profiling
10:00

Assessment of Selective mRNA Translation in Mammalian Cells by Polysome Profiling

Published on: October 28, 2014

Multiplexed Analysis of Retinal Gene Expression and Chromatin Accessibility Using scRNA-Seq and scATAC-Seq
06:24

Multiplexed Analysis of Retinal Gene Expression and Chromatin Accessibility Using scRNA-Seq and scATAC-Seq

Published on: March 12, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • RNA Biology

Background:

  • Mammalian genomes possess a limited number of protein-coding genes.
  • A vast and diverse range of RNA molecules are produced, differing in size, localization, and function.
  • The origins and full functional repertoire of short RNAs (sRNAs) remain largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the diversity of biological roles of nonprotein-coding RNAs (ncRNAs).
  • To emphasize recently elucidated functional mechanisms of ncRNAs.
  • To highlight the complexity of the mammalian RNAome.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on recent advancements in ncRNA research.
  • Analysis of identified functional mechanisms of ncRNAs.
  • Synthesis of current understanding regarding ncRNA diversity and origins.

Main Results:

  • Mammalian cells generate a surprisingly large variety of ncRNAs.
  • Numerous mechanisms for ncRNA action have been identified, indicating significant functional diversity.
  • The full extent of ncRNA origins and their biological significance is still under investigation.

Conclusions:

  • The mammalian RNAome is characterized by extensive diversity in ncRNA molecules and their functions.
  • Current understanding of ncRNA mechanisms and origins is incomplete, necessitating further investigation.
  • Noncoding RNAs play critical, yet not fully understood, roles in mammalian biology.