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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Ex utero Electroporation and Whole Hemisphere Explants: A Simple Experimental Method for Studies of Early Cortical Development

Ex utero Electroporation and Whole Hemisphere Explants: A Simple Experimental Method for Studies of Early Cortical Development

Published on: April 3, 2013

Malformations of cortical development.

Trudy Pang¹, Ramin Atefy, Volney Sheen

¹Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.

The Neurologist

|May 13, 2008

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Malformations of cortical development (MCD) are key causes of epilepsy and developmental delay. Understanding genetic mutations offers insights into MCD pathophysiology and normal brain development.

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Developmental Biology
Genetics

Background:

Malformations of cortical development (MCD) are increasingly recognized as significant causes of epilepsy and developmental delay.
These disorders present a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations and underlying genetic etiologies.
Advanced high-resolution imaging has enhanced the identification and classification of MCD.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide an overview of normal cortical development stages.
To explain how disruptions in development lead to characteristic MCD.
To discuss genetic mutations and mechanisms underlying MCD syndromes.

Main Methods:

Review of normal cortical development: neuronal proliferation, neuroblast migration, and neuronal organization.
Categorization of MCD based on developmental stage affected.
Discussion of genetic mutations and pathogenic mechanisms.

Main Results:

Disorders of neurogenesis result in microcephaly or macrocephaly.
Abnormalities in neuroblast migration cause conditions like periventricular heterotopia, lissencephaly, and subcortical band heterotopia.
Disruptions in neuronal organization lead to polymicrogyria.

Conclusions:

Identifying gene mutations provides insight into MCD pathophysiology.
Genetic discoveries enhance understanding of normal cortical development processes.