Differentiation of nearly identical germplasm accessions by a combination of molecular and morphologic analyses

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to study the extent of redundancy (duplication of genetic materials) within a genetic resources collection. Nine nearly phenotypically and identical accessions of butterhead lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) were assayed for their genetic identities. A nonuniform, heterogeneous butterhead line and a crisphead cultivar were added for population comparison. PCR amplification using 13 oligonucleotide primers generated 93 polymorphic bands. The percentage of segregating bands was used to determine within-line variation; values ranged from 0.0 to 12.0%, except for the nonuniform line at 22.6%. Between-line similarity was measured using similarity coefficients and ranged from 0.919 to 0.985. The relationship between the crisphead accession and a composite of all butterhead accessions was 0.84. Selfed progeny of each line were measured for morphological uniformity. The variation obtained from these biological data was compared with variation detected at the DNA level and each was positively correlated. Results demonstrate that RAPD analyses may serve as a major source of information for separation of closely related accessions, especially when integrated with phenotypic measures.