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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:25

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Chronic pancreatitis is a long-standing, relapsing inflammation of the pancreas, characterized by irreversible damage to the gland. It results in progressive destruction of the pancreatic parenchyma, fibrosis, and eventual loss of both exocrine and endocrine function. The disease may evolve gradually after multiple episodes of acute pancreatitis or develop independently.EtiologyChronic pancreatitis can arise from a variety of causes:Alcohol use is the leading cause, accounting for 70–80% of...
Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:24

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

The pancreas, an elongated and flat gland situated behind the stomach, serves a vital function in digesting food and managing blood sugar levels.
Pancreatitis is the inflammation of the pancreas, which occurs when the immune system becomes active and causes swelling, pain, and disruptions in organ function. Pancreatitis can manifest as either an acute or chronic condition.
Acute pancreatitis arises suddenly and lasts for a brief duration, while chronic pancreatitis is a long-term affliction...
Chronic Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology01:21

Chronic Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology

Chronic pancreatitis is a progressive and irreversible inflammation of the pancreas, most often caused by long-term alcohol abuse, but it can also be related to ductal obstruction, smoking, or genetic factors.Chronic pancreatitis occurs when the pancreas is repeatedly exposed to harmful agents like alcohol, smoking, ductal obstruction, or genetic predisposition. These factors lead to the release of toxic metabolites and inflammatory cytokines, sustaining chronic inflammation in the pancreatic...
Type I Diabetes I: Introduction01:12

Type I Diabetes I: Introduction

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by an absolute deficiency of insulin resulting from the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β-cells. Although it can occur at any age, it is most commonly diagnosed in childhood, adolescence, or early adulthood. The loss of insulin production impairs cellular glucose uptake, resulting in persistent hyperglycemia and necessitating lifelong insulin therapy.Autoimmune Destruction of β-CellsThe hallmark of type 1 diabetes is an...
Pancreas01:19

Pancreas

The pancreas, an essential organ in the human body, is a pinkish-gray elongated structure located posterior to the stomach. It extends laterally from the duodenum towards the spleen and is firmly bound to the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity. The organ's surface has a lumpy, lobular texture that gives it a unique appearance.
The broad head of the pancreas lies within the loop formed by the duodenum, while its slender body reaches towards the spleen. The tail of the pancreas is short and...
Chronic Pancreatitis II: Collaborative Care01:29

Chronic Pancreatitis II: Collaborative Care

The management of chronic pancreatitis is multifaceted, involving a comprehensive approach that includes thorough assessment, diagnostic testing, and a variety of management strategies.
Assessment:

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2026

High Resolution 3D Imaging of the Human Pancreas Neuro-insular Network
09:54

High Resolution 3D Imaging of the Human Pancreas Neuro-insular Network

Published on: January 29, 2018

Annular pancreas: dramatic differences between children and adults.

Nicholas J Zyromski1, John A Sandoval, Henry A Pitt

  • 1Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.

Journal of the American College of Surgeons
|May 13, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Annular pancreas presents differently in children and adults. Children often have congenital anomalies, while adults face more complex pancreatobiliary issues and malignancy.

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Generation of Scaffold-free, Three-dimensional Insulin Expressing Pancreatoids from Mouse Pancreatic Progenitors In Vitro
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Staining Protocols for Human Pancreatic Islets
07:48

Staining Protocols for Human Pancreatic Islets

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 5, 2026

High Resolution 3D Imaging of the Human Pancreas Neuro-insular Network
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High Resolution 3D Imaging of the Human Pancreas Neuro-insular Network

Published on: January 29, 2018

Generation of Scaffold-free, Three-dimensional Insulin Expressing Pancreatoids from Mouse Pancreatic Progenitors In Vitro
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Generation of Scaffold-free, Three-dimensional Insulin Expressing Pancreatoids from Mouse Pancreatic Progenitors In Vitro

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Staining Protocols for Human Pancreatic Islets
07:48

Staining Protocols for Human Pancreatic Islets

Published on: May 23, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Pediatric Surgery
  • Surgical Oncology

Background:

  • Annular pancreas is a rare congenital anomaly with limited comparative analysis between pediatric and adult populations.
  • Recent advancements in prenatal diagnosis and imaging have increased the detection and management experience of annular pancreas.
  • This study addresses the rarity of annular pancreas by analyzing a cohort of 103 patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the clinical presentation, management, and outcomes of annular pancreas in children versus adults.
  • To identify distinct patterns of associated anomalies and complications between pediatric and adult patients.
  • To provide insights into the differing disease spectrum of annular pancreas across age groups.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective review of 103 patients (48 children, 55 adults) diagnosed with annular pancreas between 1992 and 2006.
  • Exclusion of patients with isolated duodenal atresia, stenosis, or webs.
  • Comparison of demographic data, clinical presentation, associated anomalies, surgical management, and outcomes between pediatric and adult cohorts.

Main Results:

  • Children diagnosed at a median age of 1 day, with 71% having congenital anomalies (e.g., Down syndrome, cardiac, intestinal).
  • Adults diagnosed at a median age of 47 years, presenting with pain, vomiting, pancreatitis, or abnormal liver tests.
  • Adults showed higher rates of pancreas divisum (29%), pancreatobiliary neoplasia (11%), and required more pancreatobiliary procedures (67%) compared to children.

Conclusions:

  • Annular pancreas exhibits a distinct spectrum of disease in children and adults.
  • Congenital anomalies are significantly more prevalent in pediatric cases of annular pancreas.
  • Adults with annular pancreas are more prone to complex pancreatobiliary disorders and malignancy.