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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Creating Virtual-hand and Virtual-face Illusions to Investigate Self-representation

Creating Virtual-hand and Virtual-face Illusions to Investigate Self-representation

Published on: March 1, 2017

Haptic pop-out in a hand sweep.

Myrthe A Plaisier¹, Wouter M Bergmann Tiest, Astrid M L Kappers

¹Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands. M.A.Plaisier@phys.uu.nl

Acta Psychologica

|May 13, 2008

Summary

Researchers investigated if a "pop-out effect" exists in touch-based searches. They found evidence for a haptic pop-out effect, demonstrating efficient tactile search strategies under free manual exploration.

Area of Science:

Cognitive Psychology
Neuroscience
Human Sensation and Perception

Background:

The visual pop-out effect describes rapid target detection among distractors.
Haptic (tactual) search is common in daily life, like finding objects by touch.
The existence of a haptic pop-out effect remains largely unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine if a haptic pop-out effect exists.
To investigate the characteristics of tactile search strategies.
To compare haptic search with visual search paradigms.

Main Methods:

Blindfolded participants performed tactile search tasks.
Target items differed in roughness from distractor items.
Reaction times and search strategies were analyzed.

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Main Results:

Low reaction time slopes (as low as 20 ms/item) suggest efficient search.
Search asymmetry was observed when target and distractor roles were reversed.
Search strategies varied from broad sweeps to detailed exploration.

Conclusions:

Pop-out effects occur in haptic search, similar to visual search.
Tactile search can be highly efficient, demonstrating parallel processing.
This research provides the first evidence for pop-out effects in free manual exploration.