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Related Concept Videos

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
Diversity of Antigen Receptors01:28

Diversity of Antigen Receptors

Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
Primary Lymphoid Organs01:16

Primary Lymphoid Organs

Primary lymphoid organs are pivotal in the formation, development, and maturation of lymphocytes, the white blood cells that serve as the backbone of our immune system. This crucial function underscores their fundamental role in maintaining our overall health and immunity. The two primary lymphoid organs of prime importance are the red bone marrow and the thymus.
The red bone marrow is a soft, spongy tissue nestled in the interior of long bones such as the humerus and femur. It is the site...
Development of the Lymphatic System01:15

Development of the Lymphatic System

The development of lymphatic tissues and vessels in embryonic life begins around the fifth week. These structures originate from the mesoderm layer, with lymph sacs emerging from developing veins.
The first lymph sacs to form are the paired jugular lymph sacs located at the junction of the internal jugular and subclavian veins. From these sacs, lymphatic capillary plexuses extend to the thorax, upper limbs, neck, and head, eventually forming lymphatic vessels. Each jugular lymph sac maintains a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Isolation and Ex Vivo Culture of V&#948;1+CD4+&#947;&#948; T Cells, an Extrathymic &#945;&#946;T-cell Progenitor
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Isolation and Ex Vivo Culture of Vδ1+CD4+γδ T Cells, an Extrathymic αβT-cell Progenitor

Published on: December 7, 2015

Developmental plasticity of lymphocytes.

César Cobaleda1, Meinrad Busslinger

  • 1Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain.

Current Opinion in Immunology
|May 13, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Lymphocytes exhibit surprising developmental plasticity, allowing them to switch lineages. Experimental manipulation can redirect lymphoid cells into myeloid or erythroid fates, or even convert B cells into T cells.

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Isolation and Ex Vivo Culture of Vδ1+CD4+γδ T Cells, an Extrathymic αβT-cell Progenitor

Published on: December 7, 2015

Directed Differentiation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells towards T Lymphocytes
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Published on: May 14, 2012

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Lymphoid cells normally follow a strict developmental pathway.
  • Understanding factors influencing lymphoid cell fate is crucial for developmental biology and disease research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the developmental plasticity of lymphoid cells.
  • To explore the potential for lineage switching in lymphocytes through experimental manipulation.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental perturbation of signaling and transcription factor networks.
  • Retroviral expression of transcription factors (C/EBPalpha, GATA1).
  • Conditional inactivation of key commitment factors (Pax5).

Main Results:

  • Common lymphoid progenitors and pro-T cells can be diverted to myeloid or erythroid lineages.
  • Forced C/EBPalpha expression induces transdifferentiation of thymocytes and B cells into macrophages.
  • Inactivating Pax5 converts mature B cells into functional T cells via dedifferentiation.

Conclusions:

  • Lymphocytes possess significant, previously unappreciated developmental plasticity.
  • This plasticity may explain lineage switches observed in human cancers.
  • Experimental insights into lymphoid cell fate can inform our understanding of developmental processes and disease mechanisms.