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Related Concept Videos

Electron Transport Chain: Complex III and IV01:43

Electron Transport Chain: Complex III and IV

During the electron transport chain, electrons from NADH and FADH2 are first transferred to complexes I and II, respectively. These two complexes then transfer the electrons to ubiquinol, which carries them further to complex III. Complex III passes the electrons across the intermembrane space to Cyt c, which carries them further to complex IV. Complex IV donates electrons to oxygen and reduces it to water. As electrons pass through complexes I, III, and IV, the energy released aids the pumping...
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The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is the main energy generation system in the eukaryotic cells. However, mitochondria also produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the large electron flow during oxidative phosphorylation. While Complex I is one of the primary sources of superoxide radicals, ROS production by Complex II is uncommon and may only be observed in cancer cells with mutated complexes.
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The mitochondrial cristae membrane is the primary site for the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) process of energy conversion mediated through respiratory complexes I to V. These complexes have been widely studied for decades, and it has been proven that they form supramolecular structures called respiratory supercomplexes (SC). These higher-order complexes may be crucial in maintaining the biochemical structure and improving the physiological activity of the individual complexes while...
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The final stage of cellular respiration is oxidative phosphorylation that consists of two steps: the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis. The electron transport chain is a set of proteins found in the inner mitochondrial membrane in eukaryotic cells. Its primary function is to establish a proton gradient that can be used during chemiosmosis to produce ATP and generate electron carriers, such as NAD+ and FAD, that are used in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.
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Analyzing Supercomplexes of the Mitochondrial Electron Transport Chain with Native Electrophoresis, In-gel Assays, and Electroelution
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[Ag(I)(Et(2)PCH(2)CH(2)PPh(2))(2)]NO(3): An Antimitochondrial Silver Complex.

S J Berners-Price1, D C Collier, M A Mazid

  • 1School of Science Griffith University Queensland Nathan 4111 Australia.

Metal-Based Drugs
|January 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary

This study reveals a silver(I) complex, [Ag(eppe)(2)]NO(3), selectively targets mitochondria in yeast, inhibiting growth and inducing mutations. Aspirin partially reverses these effects.

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Published on: February 12, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • Biochemistry
  • Mitochondrial Biology

Background:

  • Mitochondria are crucial organelles involved in cellular respiration and energy production.
  • Mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in various diseases.
  • Developing targeted agents for mitochondria is a key area of research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize a novel silver(I) complex, [Ag(eppe)(2)]NO(3).
  • To investigate the antimitochondrial activity and selectivity of the silver(I) complex.
  • To explore potential therapeutic applications by examining the complex's effects on yeast growth and mitochondrial mutations.

Main Methods:

  • X-ray crystallography was used to determine the structure of the silver(I) complex.
  • Antimitochondrial activity was assessed by measuring inhibition of yeast growth in non-fermentable media.
  • The induction of the mitochondrial mutation 'petite' was evaluated.
  • Stability studies were conducted in cell culture media and in the presence of glutathione.
  • Reactivity with biological molecules like glutathione disulfides and serum albumin was examined.

Main Results:

  • The silver(I) complex [Ag(eppe)(2)]NO(3) exhibits a tetrahedral geometry with specific Ag-P bond lengths.
  • The complex demonstrates selective antimitochondrial activity, inhibiting yeast growth at low concentrations (2.5 μM).
  • It induces the mitochondrial 'petite' mutation, an effect partially reversed by aspirin.
  • The complex is stable in cell culture media and glutathione but reacts with oxidized glutathione and serum albumin.
  • Gold(I) complexes with similar ligands ([Au(eppe)(2)]Cl and [Au(dppe)(2)]Cl) lacked mitochondrial selectivity.

Conclusions:

  • The silver(I) complex [Ag(eppe)(2)]NO(3) is a potent, mitochondrially targeted agent with potential for further investigation.
  • Its ability to inhibit yeast growth and induce mitochondrial mutations highlights its antimitochondrial properties.
  • The differential reactivity with biological thiols and disulfides warrants further study.
  • The lack of mitochondrial selectivity in analogous gold complexes underscores the specific activity of the silver complex.