Targeted therapies in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma

Carmel Pezaro1, Ian D Davis

  • 1Ludwig Institute Oncology Unit, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

Insights

Recent advances in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) management include targeted therapies. This review covers clinical trials, ongoing research questions, and integration challenges for these novel treatments.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Nephrology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) management is rapidly evolving.
  • Improved understanding of RCC biology has driven the development of targeted therapies.
  • New targeted treatments are becoming standard but require optimized integration strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review major clinical trials of new targeted therapies for RCC.
  • To discuss controversies and research questions arising from these new agents.
  • To consider remaining issues in the therapeutic armamentarium for RCC.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of published clinical trials.
  • Analysis of current controversies and research questions.
  • Discussion of integration challenges for novel RCC therapies.

Main Results:

  • Several targeted therapies have shown high efficacy in clinical trials.
  • New agents are entering routine clinical use for RCC.
  • Significant questions remain regarding optimal use and integration of these therapies.

Conclusions:

  • Targeted therapies represent a major advance in RCC management.
  • Further research is needed to define optimal treatment algorithms.
  • Integration of new agents into existing treatment paradigms is crucial for improving patient outcomes.

Related Concept Videos

Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...
Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
Inhibition of Cdk Activity02:34

Inhibition of Cdk Activity

The orderly progression of the cell cycle depends on the activation of Cdk protein by binding to its cyclin partner. However, the cell cycle must be restricted when undergoing abnormal changes. Most cancers correlate to the deregulated cell cycle, and since Cdks are a central component of the cell cycle, Cdk inhibitors are extensively studied to develop anticancer agents. For instance, cyclin D associates with several Cdks, such as Cdk 4/6, to form an active complex. The cyclin D-Cdk4/6 complex...
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Site-Targeted01:24

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Site-Targeted

Site-targeted drug delivery systems enhance therapeutic efficacy while minimizing systemic toxicity and treatment costs. Unlike conventional methods, these systems ensure precise drug delivery, improving bioavailability and reducing side effects. Targeted drug delivery is classified into three levels. First-order targeting directs drugs to the capillary beds of specific organs or tissues. Second-order targets specific cell types, such as tumor cells, using receptor-mediated interactions.