Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Coordination Number and Geometry02:57

Coordination Number and Geometry

For transition metal complexes, the coordination number determines the geometry around the central metal ion. Table 1 compares coordination numbers to molecular geometry. The most common structures of the complexes in coordination compounds are octahedral, tetrahedral, and square planar.
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes02:46

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
Formation of Complex Ions03:45

Formation of Complex Ions

A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
Metal-Ligand Bonds02:51

Metal-Ligand Bonds

The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Microbiome depletion rejuvenates the aging brain.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

[Therapeutic mechanism of aqueous extract of <i>Semiliquidambar cathayensis</i> Chang root for pancreatic cancer: the active components, therapeutic targets and pathways].

Nan fang yi ke da xue xue bao = Journal of Southern Medical University·2024
Same author

[Comparative analysis of the effects of bronchial intubation and bronchial blocker on the outcomes of thoracoscopic surgery in infants and small children].

Zhonghua yi xue za zhi·2024
Same author

[Identification of key genes in Wilms tumor based on high-throughput RNA sequencing and their impacts on prognosis and immune responses].

Nan fang yi ke da xue xue bao = Journal of Southern Medical University·2024
Same author

Sophora tonkinensis: response and adaptation of physiological characteristics, functional traits, and secondary metabolites to drought stress.

Plant biology (Stuttgart, Germany)·2023
Same author

The influence of culture and cognitive reserve on the clinical presentation of behavioural-variant frontotemporal dementia.

Journal of neurology·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2026

A Simple Method for the Size Controlled Synthesis of Stable Oligomeric Clusters of Gold Nanoparticles under Ambient Conditions
08:21

A Simple Method for the Size Controlled Synthesis of Stable Oligomeric Clusters of Gold Nanoparticles under Ambient Conditions

Published on: February 5, 2016

Electronic structure of dinuclear gold(i) complexes.

J B Foley1, S E Gay, C Turmel

  • 1University of Maine Department.of Chemistry Orono Maine 04469-5706 USA.

Metal-Based Drugs
|May 14, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Dinuclear gold(I) complexes with shorter phosphine ligands exhibit intramolecular interactions, enhancing reactivity with disulfides. Aurophilicity and Au(I)-Au(I) interactions influence reactivity and photochemical activity.

More Related Videos

In Situ Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles without Aggregation in the Interlayer Space of Layered Titanate Transparent Films
07:08

In Situ Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles without Aggregation in the Interlayer Space of Layered Titanate Transparent Films

Published on: January 17, 2017

Synthesis and Characterization of Amphiphilic Gold Nanoparticles
10:09

Synthesis and Characterization of Amphiphilic Gold Nanoparticles

Published on: July 2, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 5, 2026

A Simple Method for the Size Controlled Synthesis of Stable Oligomeric Clusters of Gold Nanoparticles under Ambient Conditions
08:21

A Simple Method for the Size Controlled Synthesis of Stable Oligomeric Clusters of Gold Nanoparticles under Ambient Conditions

Published on: February 5, 2016

In Situ Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles without Aggregation in the Interlayer Space of Layered Titanate Transparent Films
07:08

In Situ Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles without Aggregation in the Interlayer Space of Layered Titanate Transparent Films

Published on: January 17, 2017

Synthesis and Characterization of Amphiphilic Gold Nanoparticles
10:09

Synthesis and Characterization of Amphiphilic Gold Nanoparticles

Published on: July 2, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Organometallic Chemistry
  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • Photochemistry

Background:

  • Dinuclear gold(I) complexes are of interest due to their unique electronic properties and potential applications.
  • Understanding metal-metal interactions is crucial for predicting and controlling reactivity.
  • Aurophilicity, the attractive interaction between gold(I) centers, plays a significant role in the behavior of these complexes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of ligand structure on metal-metal interactions in dinuclear gold(I) complexes.
  • To correlate these interactions with reactivity towards organic disulfides.
  • To explore the relationship between aurophilicity, ligand type, and photochemical activity.

Main Methods:

  • Cyclic voltammetry (CV) was employed to study electronic properties.
  • Crystal structure analysis determined the nature and distance of Au(I)-Au(I) interactions.
  • Quantum yield measurements quantified photochemical activity.

Main Results:

  • A shorter bidentate phosphine ligand (dppm) in LL(AuSR*)(2) complexes led to broader anodic sweeps in CV, suggesting weak intramolecular Au(I)-Au(I) interactions.
  • These interactions correlated with accelerated reaction rates with organic disulfides.
  • Quantum yields for cis-dppee(AuX)(2) complexes were higher with softer halide ligands (X) and correlated with aurophilicity.
  • Crystal structures revealed short intramolecular Au(I)-Au(I) distances in cis-dppee(AuI)(2) (2.95 Å) versus longer intermolecular distances in trans-dppee(AuI)(2) (3.23 Å).
  • Substitution of phosphorus with arsenic (cis-dpaee) resulted in photochemically active complexes, albeit with lower quantum yields than their dppee counterparts.

Conclusions:

  • Intramolecular Au(I)-Au(I) interactions, influenced by ligand bite angle and electronic effects, are critical for the reactivity of dinuclear gold(I) complexes.
  • Aurophilicity is a key factor governing both reactivity and photochemical properties.
  • Ligand design, including the choice of heteroatom (P vs. As), significantly impacts the photochemical behavior of these gold complexes.