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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive medical imaging technique based on a phenomenon of nuclear physics discovered in the 1930s, in which matter exposed to magnetic fields and radio waves was found to emit radio signals. In 1970, a physician and researcher named Raymond Damadian noticed that malignant (cancerous) tissue gave off different signals than normal body tissue. He applied for a patent for the first MRI scanning device in clinical use by the early 1980s. The early MRI...

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Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Observing Virtual Social Interactions
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Brain imaging and brain privacy: a realistic concern?

Martha J Farah1, M Elizabeth Smith, Cyrena Gawuga

  • 1University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. mfarah@psych.upenn.edu

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
|May 15, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Functional neuroimaging can already measure psychological traits, but only to a very limited extent. Current methods raise privacy concerns, though the risks are minimal with today's technology.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Functional neuroimaging studies psychological traits like personality and intelligence.
  • Identifying neural correlates advances basic science and applied goals like trait measurement.
  • Trait measurement via neuroimaging raises ethical concerns regarding privacy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the statistical basis of measuring psychological traits using functional neuroimaging.
  • To examine the feasibility of using current functional neuroimaging protocols for trait measurement.
  • To assess the realism of privacy concerns in light of current neuroimaging capabilities.

Main Methods:

  • Statistical analysis of measurement principles in functional neuroimaging.
  • Review and analysis of published data from 16 relevant studies.
  • Evaluation of current functional neuroimaging protocols for psychological trait assessment.

Main Results:

  • Functional neuroimaging can, in principle, gather information on psychological traits.
  • The current extent of such measurement is extremely limited.
  • Analysis indicates that applied science goals are not yet fully realized.

Conclusions:

  • While functional neuroimaging shows potential for psychological trait measurement, current capabilities are highly restricted.
  • Existing neuroimaging technology poses minimal immediate privacy risks for trait assessment.
  • Further research is needed to understand and mitigate potential future ethical implications.