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Drug Dosing: Infants and Children

Pediatric patient dosages diverge from adults due to disparities in body surface area, total body water, and extracellular fluid per kilogram of body weight. The dosing regimen considers the variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology across distinct age groups, encompassing preterm newborns, infants, young children, older children, and adolescents. Calculation of pediatric patient doses is predicated on determining body surface area, which exhibits a superior correlation with the child's...
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Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Non-Invasive Modulation and Robotic Mapping of Motor Cortex in the Developing Brain
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Published on: July 1, 2019

Device therapy in children: current indications.

N Sreeram1, U Trieschmann, E de Haan

  • 1Department of paediatric cardiology, University Hospital of Cologne, Germany. N.Sreeram@uni-koeln.de

Indian Pacing and Electrophysiology Journal
|May 15, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) are increasingly used in children. This review covers risk factors for sudden cardiac death in young patients and identifies candidates for ICD therapy.

Keywords:
device therapyindicationspediatric

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Cardiology
  • Electrophysiology
  • Inherited Arrhythmia Syndromes

Background:

  • Implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) are gaining traction in pediatric cardiology.
  • Advances in technology have improved ICD versatility, ease of implantation, and programming.
  • Recent breakthroughs in understanding genetic and inherited arrhythmia syndromes have refined risk stratification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize current knowledge on sudden death risk factors in pediatric patients.
  • To identify high-risk pediatric candidates eligible for timely ICD implantation.
  • To review current recommendations for device implantation in young patients with structural heart defects.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on inherited arrhythmia syndromes.
  • Analysis of risk stratification strategies for sudden cardiac death.
  • Evaluation of patient populations at risk, including those with repaired structural heart defects.

Main Results:

  • Sudden arrhythmic death is a primary mortality cause in pediatric patients with repaired structural heart defects.
  • Genetic and inherited arrhythmia syndromes are increasingly recognized as critical risk factors.
  • Risk stratification aims to identify candidates for prophylactic ICD implantation.

Conclusions:

  • Paediatric cardiologists must be aware of evolving recommendations for ICD implantation.
  • Understanding genetic predispositions and structural heart disease is key to identifying at-risk children.
  • Timely ICD implantation can mitigate the risk of sudden death in select pediatric populations.