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Insight into substrate binding in Shibasaki's Li3(THF)n(BINOLate)3Ln complexes and implications in catalysis.

Alfred J Wooten1, Patrick J Carroll, Patrick J Walsh

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This study characterizes novel heterobimetallic Lewis acids, revealing how substrate binding to lanthanide centers influences asymmetric catalysis. Findings suggest lanthanide centers may not chelate bidentate substrates, impacting enantioselectivity in catalytic reactions.

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Area of Science:

  • Organometallic Chemistry
  • Asymmetric Catalysis
  • Lanthanide Chemistry

Background:

  • Heterobimetallic Lewis acids, specifically Li3(THF)n(BINOLate)3Ln, are potent asymmetric catalysts with high enantioselectivity.
  • The precise mechanism of catalyst-substrate interaction and operation remains incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To isolate and structurally characterize novel heterobimetallic complexes.
  • To investigate catalyst-substrate interactions using solution binding studies and NMR spectroscopy.
  • To elucidate the role of lanthanide and lithium centers in catalytic activity and selectivity.

Main Methods:

  • Isolation and X-ray structural characterization of Li3(THF)n(BINOLate)3Ln and Li3(py)5(BINOLate)3Ln complexes.
  • Solution binding studies using Lewis basic substrate analogues (cyclohexenone, DMF, pyridine).
  • Lanthanide-induced shift (LIS) NMR spectroscopy with paramagnetic lanthanide complexes.
  • Structural and solution studies of Li3(DMEDA)3(BINOLate)3Ln complexes.

Main Results:

  • Structural characterization of 7- and 8-coordinate heterobimetallic complexes with varying ligands (THF, pyridine).
  • Demonstrated binding of substrate analogues to the lanthanide center in solution.
  • Selective binding of N,N'-dimethylethylenediamine (DMEDA) to lithium centers, forming diastereomerically pure complexes.
  • Catalytic asymmetric reactions using a DMEDA adduct yielded enantioselectivities comparable to existing catalysts.

Conclusions:

  • Hypothesized that lanthanide centers in Li3(THF)n(BINOLate)3Ln complexes do not chelate bidentate substrates.
  • Proposed a mechanism explaining the high enantioselectivity of the Li3(THF)n(BINOLate)3La catalyst.
  • Highlighted the potential of DMEDA adducts as effective asymmetric catalysts.