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Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the addition of a...
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
Combinatorial Gene Control02:33

Combinatorial Gene Control

Combinatorial gene control is the synergistic action of several transcriptional factors to regulate the expression of a single gene. The absence of one or more of these factors may lead to a significant difference in the level of gene expression or repression.
The expression of more than 30,000 genes is controlled by approximately 2000-3000 transcription factors. This is possible because a single transcription factor can recognize more than one regulatory sequence. The specificity in gene...
Co-activators and Co-repressors02:04

Co-activators and Co-repressors

Gene transcription is regulated by the synergistic action of several proteins that form a complex at a gene regulatory site. This is observed in eukaryotes, where the regulation of gene expression is a complex process. Regulatory proteins in eukaryotes can broadly be classified into two types – regulators that bind directly to specific DNA sequences and co-regulators that associate with regulatory proteins but cannot directly bind to the DNA. These co-regulators are further divided into...
Co-activators and Co-repressors02:04

Co-activators and Co-repressors

Gene transcription is regulated by the synergistic action of several proteins that form a complex at a gene regulatory site. This is observed in eukaryotes, where the regulation of gene expression is a complex process. Regulatory proteins in eukaryotes can broadly be classified into two types – regulators that bind directly to specific DNA sequences and co-regulators that associate with regulatory proteins but cannot directly bind to the DNA. These co-regulators are further divided into...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Mitochondrial Transformation in Baker&#39;s Yeast to Study Translation and Respiratory Complex Assembly
09:53

Mitochondrial Transformation in Baker's Yeast to Study Translation and Respiratory Complex Assembly

Published on: June 7, 2024

Complexity of COX-2 gene regulation.

Kelly A Harper1, Alison J Tyson-Capper

  • 1Institute of Cellular Medicine, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.

Biochemical Society Transactions
|May 17, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) gene regulation involves complex transcriptional and post-transcriptional controls. Understanding these mechanisms is key to addressing inflammatory diseases, cancers, and labor.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Reproductive Biology

Background:

  • Cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) overexpression is implicated in inflammatory diseases, cancers, and labor onset.
  • COX-2 synthesis in fetal membranes and myometrium correlates with term and preterm labor.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the intricate mechanisms governing COX-2 gene regulation.
  • To highlight current concepts in COX-2 transcriptional and post-transcriptional control.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on COX-2 gene regulation.
  • Analysis of regulatory elements controlling COX-2 mRNA stability and translation.
  • Examination of the roles of microRNAs, RNA-binding proteins, and alternative polyadenylation.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Mitochondrial Transformation in Baker&#39;s Yeast to Study Translation and Respiratory Complex Assembly
09:53

Mitochondrial Transformation in Baker's Yeast to Study Translation and Respiratory Complex Assembly

Published on: June 7, 2024

Main Results:

  • COX-2 transcription is rapidly and transiently induced by various stimuli.
  • The 3'-untranslated region of COX-2 mRNA contains elements regulating stability and translation.
  • MicroRNAs, RNA-binding proteins, and alternative polyadenylation are critical in COX-2 regulation.

Conclusions:

  • COX-2 gene expression is tightly controlled at multiple levels.
  • Detailed understanding of COX-2 regulation offers therapeutic targets for associated conditions.
  • Further research into post-transcriptional modifications is essential for a complete picture of COX-2 control.