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Updated: Jul 5, 2026

The 4-vessel Sampling Approach to Integrative Studies of Human Placental Physiology In Vivo
Published on: August 2, 2017
The fetal response to chronic placental insufficiency
Mark G Neerhof1, Larry G Thaete
1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston Northwestern Healthcare, Evanston, IL 60201, USA. mneerhof@enh.org
Fetal growth restriction is most commonly caused by failure of the placenta to meet the increasing demands for oxygen and substrate of the developing fetus, resulting in common fetal compensatory responses. Understanding these responses is helpful in developing a management strategy that will optimize pregnancy outcome.
Fetal growth restriction is most commonly caused by failure of the placenta to meet the increasing demands for oxygen and substrate of the developing fetus, resulting in common fetal compensatory responses. Understanding these responses is helpful in developing a management strategy that will optimize pregnancy outcome.

