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Related Concept Videos

Teratogenicity01:07

Teratogenicity

The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
Abnormal Proliferation02:23

Abnormal Proliferation

Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the daughter...
Abnormal Proliferation02:23

Abnormal Proliferation

Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the daughter...
Nondisjunction01:21

Nondisjunction

Nondisjunction is the failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate correctly and move to the opposite poles of the cells. This produces daughter cells with abnormal chromosome numbers.  Nondisjunction is common during anaphase I or anaphase II of meiosis.  Mutations in synaptonemal complex proteins that attach homologous chromosomes increase the chances of nondisjunction in anaphase I of meiosis I. In contrast, mutations in topoisomerases and condensins that hold sister...
Nondisjunction01:29

Nondisjunction

During meiosis, chromosomes occasionally separate improperly. This occurs due to failure of homologous chromosome separation during meiosis I or failed sister chromatid separation during meiosis II. In some species, notably plants, nondisjunction can result in an organism with an entire additional set of chromosomes, which is called polyploidy. In humans, nondisjunction can occur during male or female gametogenesis and the resulting gametes possess one too many or one too few chromosomes.
Meiosis vs. Mitosis02:57

Meiosis vs. Mitosis

Cell division is necessary for growth and reproduction in organisms. Mitosis aids cell growth and development by dividing somatic cells. In contrast, meiosis causes the division of germ cells and plays an essential role in sexual reproduction. Due to their unique functional requirements, mitosis and meiosis differ from each other in multiple aspects.
Before the start of mitosis and meiosis I, the cell synthesizes DNA, resulting in two homologous copies of each chromosome. DNA synthesis is...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Guide Wire Assisted Catheterization and Colored Dye Injection for Vascular Mapping of Monochorionic Twin Placentas
09:04

Guide Wire Assisted Catheterization and Colored Dye Injection for Vascular Mapping of Monochorionic Twin Placentas

Published on: September 5, 2011

Growth abnormalities and multiple gestations.

Jane Cleary-Goldman1, Mary E D'Alton

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY, USA. jane_cleary@yahoo.com

Seminars in Perinatology
|May 17, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Growth abnormalities in multiple gestations, like intrauterine growth restriction, are common and impact perinatal outcomes. Understanding chorionicity is key, as monochorionic twins face higher risks for growth issues and potential long-term complications.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Guide Wire Assisted Catheterization and Colored Dye Injection for Vascular Mapping of Monochorionic Twin Placentas
09:04

Guide Wire Assisted Catheterization and Colored Dye Injection for Vascular Mapping of Monochorionic Twin Placentas

Published on: September 5, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Maternal-Fetal Medicine
  • Perinatology
  • Neonatology

Background:

  • Growth abnormalities, including intrauterine growth restriction and weight discordance, frequently occur in multiple gestations.
  • These conditions are linked to adverse perinatal outcomes.
  • Chorionicity is a critical factor in managing multiple pregnancies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define normal and abnormal fetal growth patterns in multiple gestations.
  • To discuss the management of growth abnormalities in relation to chorionicity.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on twin growth and chorionicity.
  • Analysis of perinatal outcomes associated with different growth patterns and chorionic types.

Main Results:

  • Monochorionic twins exhibit a higher risk for growth abnormalities compared to dichorionic twins.
  • Growth issues in multiples can lead to significant long-term complications, including neurological sequelae.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate assessment of fetal growth and understanding chorionicity are essential for optimal management of multiple pregnancies.
  • Early identification and intervention for growth abnormalities in twins can mitigate risks and improve offspring outcomes.