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Related Concept Videos

Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers01:24

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Local anesthetics (LAs) block the sodium channels of nerve trunks, sensory nerve endings, and neuromuscular junctions. Although LAs can block all kinds of nerves, the sensitivity of nerve fibers differs according to nerve types and structures. LAs are known to block myelinated fibers faster than unmyelinated ones. Also, they block pain or sensory neurons at low concentrations without affecting the motor neurons involved in muscle contractions. This helps relieve labor pain without affecting the...

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Dynamic Quantitative Sensory Testing to Characterize Central Pain Processing
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Published on: February 16, 2017

Ethnic differences in diffuse noxious inhibitory controls.

Claudia M Campbell1, Christopher R France, Michael E Robinson

  • 1Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287-7101, USA. ccampb41@son.jhmi.edu

The Journal of Pain
|May 17, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ethnic differences exist in pain perception, with African Americans and non-Hispanic whites showing variations in pain inhibition. This study explored diffuse noxious inhibitory controls (DNIC) to understand these disparities in pain sensitivity.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pain Research
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Clinical and experimental pain perception varies significantly across ethnic groups.
  • African Americans often report higher pain levels and sensitivity, but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood.
  • Differences in central pain inhibitory mechanisms, such as diffuse noxious inhibitory controls (DNIC), may explain these disparities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate ethnic differences in diffuse noxious inhibitory controls (DNIC) between African Americans and non-Hispanic whites.
  • To assess the role of descending pain inhibition in ethnic variations of pain perception.

Main Methods:

  • The study involved 57 healthy young adults from two ethnic groups: African Americans and non-Hispanic whites.
  • Diffuse noxious inhibitory controls (DNIC) were assessed using the nociceptive flexion reflex (NFR) and electrical pain ratings during an ischemic arm pain procedure (DNIC condition) and a sham procedure.
  • NFR and pain ratings were measured before, during, and after the procedures.

Main Results:

  • The DNIC condition significantly reduced pain ratings and NFR measures in all participants compared to the sham condition.
  • Non-Hispanic whites reported significantly greater reductions in verbal pain ratings during DNIC compared to African Americans.
  • Reductions in NFR were comparable between the two ethnic groups, suggesting group differences in subjective pain reporting rather than reflex response.

Conclusions:

  • This research indicates ethnic variations in endogenous pain inhibition between African Americans and non-Hispanic whites.
  • Differences in descending pain inhibition may contribute to observed ethnic disparities in experimental pain perception.
  • Further research is warranted to elucidate the specific mechanisms underlying these ethnic differences in pain modulation.