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Related Concept Videos

Encephalitis l: Introduction01:19

Encephalitis l: Introduction

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...
Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction01:19

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...
Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology01:26

Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by direct viral invasion or immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by infections or tumors. Both processes lead to neuronal injury, disrupted neurotransmission, and diverse neurological symptoms, often with overlapping clinical and pathological features.Autoimmune EncephalitisIn autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies target neuronal antigens on cell surfaces, synapses, or within neurons. A key example is anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can...
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever01:26

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF) is a severe tick-borne illness caused by Rickettsia rickettsii, a Gram-negative, coccobacillary bacterium. This pathogen is an obligate intracellular parasite, requiring a host cell for replication. Transmission occurs through the bite of an infected tick. In the United States, the most important vectors are Dermacentor variabilis (American dog tick) and Dermacentor andersoni (Rocky Mountain wood tick), though other tick species may also serve as vectors.
Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:22

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...

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Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

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[The Freiburg concept of the "Neurological Emergency Receiving Team (NERT)" : Concept for structuring of time-critical courses of action for patients with a predominant disability problem with an interdisciplinary and interprofessional emergency team in the nontraumatological resuscitation room].

Medizinische Klinik, Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin·2026
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Exercise facilitates post-stroke recovery through mitigation of neuronal hyperexcitability via interleukin-10 signaling.

Nature communications·2025
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[Diagnosis and treatment of ANCA-associated vasculitis : S3 guideline of the German Society for Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology e. V. (DGRh) and German Society for Internal Medicine e. V. (DGIM), German Society for Nephrology e. V. (DGfN), German Society for ENT Medicine and Head and Neck Surgery e. V. (DGHNO-KHC), German Ophthalmological Society e. V. (DOG), German Society for Neurology e. V. (DGN), German Society for Pneumology and Respiratory Medicine e. V. (DGP), German Society for Pathology e. V. (DGP), German Radiological Society, Society for Medical Radiology e. V. (DRG), Federal Association of German Pathologists, Federal Kidney Association e. V., German Rheumatism League Federal Association e. V.]

Zeitschrift fur Rheumatologie·2025
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[Diagnosis and treatment of ANCA-associated vasculitis : SHORT VERSION of the S3 guideline of the German Society for Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology e. V. (DGRh) and German Society for Internal Medicine e. V. (DGIM), German Society for Nephrology e. V. (DGfN), German Society for Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery e. V. (DGHNO-KHC), German Ophthalmological Society e. V. (DOG), German Society for Neurology e. V. (DGN), German Society for Pneumology and Respiratory Medicine e. V. (DGP), German Society for Pathology e. V. (DGP), German Radiological Society, Society for Medical Radiology e. V. (DRG), Federal Association of German Pathologists, Federal Kidney Association e. V., German Rheumatism League Federal Association e. V.]

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Induction and Diverse Assessment Indicators of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
06:19

Induction and Diverse Assessment Indicators of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Published on: September 9, 2022

[Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and rheumatic disease].

C Kneitz1, H Wiendl

  • 1Schwerpunkt für Rheumatologie und Klinische Immunologie, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II der Universität Würzburg, Klinikstrasse 2, 97070 Würzburg, Deutschland. kneitz_c@klinik.unik-wuerzburg.de

Zeitschrift Fur Rheumatologie
|May 17, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), a rare CNS disease caused by JC virus, affects immunocompromised patients. PML is increasingly reported in rheumatology patients, prompting diagnostic consideration.

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Last Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Induction and Diverse Assessment Indicators of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
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Induction and Clinical Scoring of Chronic-Relapsing Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
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Induction and Clinical Scoring of Chronic-Relapsing Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

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Scoring Central Nervous System Inflammation, Demyelination, and Axon Injury in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
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Scoring Central Nervous System Inflammation, Demyelination, and Axon Injury in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Published on: February 23, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Virology
  • Rheumatology

Context:

  • Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a rare, fatal demyelinating CNS disease caused by JC virus, primarily in immunocompromised individuals.
  • Increasing reports link PML to rheumatic diseases, raising questions about direct causation versus immunosuppressive therapy effects.

Purpose:

  • To highlight the importance of considering PML in the differential diagnosis of neurological symptoms in rheumatology patients.
  • To emphasize the need for prompt diagnostic evaluation when PML is suspected.

Summary:

  • PML, a JC virus-induced demyelinating disease, affects immunocompromised individuals.
  • Its occurrence in patients with rheumatic diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus, is noted.
  • The exact relationship between rheumatologic conditions, immunosuppressive treatments, and PML remains under investigation.

Impact:

  • PML should be considered in the differential diagnosis of non-specific neurological symptoms in patients with rheumatic diseases.
  • Diagnostic procedures like MRI, CSF analysis (PCR), and brain biopsy are crucial for suspected PML cases.
  • This underscores the interdisciplinary approach needed for managing complex neurological complications in rheumatology.