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Localisation and function of nerves in the aortic root.

Adrian H Chester1, John D B Kershaw1, Padmini Sarathchandra1

  • 1Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College London Heart Science Centre, Harefield, Middlesex UB9 6JH, UK.

Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology
|May 20, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nerves in the aortic root cause contractions in sinus, sinotubular junction, and annular tissues. Aortic valve cusp nerves induce dilation via nitric oxide, influencing heart valve function.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Physiology
  • Neuroscience
  • Anatomy

Background:

  • Neural structures are present within aortic valve cusp tissue.
  • The functional role of these neural components in aortic root and valve dynamics remains incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of neuronal stimulation on the contractile properties of aortic root and cusp tissues.
  • To characterize the neurochemical makeup of nerves within the aortic valve.

Main Methods:

  • Dissection of porcine aortic root components (sinus, sinotubular junction, annulus, cusp).
  • Electrical field stimulation (EFS) of isolated tissues and pharmacological blockade (tetrodotoxin, nitric oxide synthase, guanylate cyclase inhibitors).
  • Immunohistochemical analysis for neuronal markers (neurofilament, tyrosine hydroxylase, choline acetyl transferase, neuronal nitric oxide synthase).

Main Results:

  • EFS induced tetrodotoxin-sensitive contractions in sinus, STJ, and annular tissues (excluding right-coronary cusp annulus).
  • Cusp tissue exhibited a tetrodotoxin-dependent contractile response, unmasked by nitric oxide pathway inhibition.
  • Immunohistochemistry revealed a rich nerve network throughout the aortic root, with cusp nerves near the endothelium expressing neuronal nitric oxide synthase.

Conclusions:

  • Nerves in the aortic root can mediate contractile responses in various tissue components.
  • Aortic valve cusp nerves exert a nitric oxide-mediated neurogenic dilator tone.
  • These neural influences may play a significant role in aortic valve function during physiological and pathological conditions.