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Published on: March 31, 2016
Brain function in the minimally conscious state: a quantitative neurophysiological study
J Leon-Carrion1, J F Martin-Rodriguez, J Damas-Lopez
1Human Neuropsychology Laboratory, School of Psychology, Department of Experimental Psychology, C/Camilo José Cela s/n, University of Seville, Seville, Spain. leoncarrion@us.es
Electroencephalography (EEG) revealed differences in brain activity between patients in a minimally conscious state (MCS) and those with severe neurocognitive disorders (SND). Increased slow-wave activity in MCS patients correlated with their level of awareness.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Clinical Neurophysiology
Background:
- Distinguishing between minimally conscious state (MCS) and severe neurocognitive disorders (SND) in brain-injured patients is challenging.
- Both conditions may present with some signs of awareness, necessitating objective assessment methods.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate electroencephalography (EEG) power spectrum and coherence differences between MCS and SND patients.
- To identify distinct EEG cortical sources differentiating these two patient groups using LORETA analysis.
Main Methods:
- Studied 16 patients with traumatic brain injury (7 MCS, 9 SND).
- Compared resting-state EEG power spectra, coherence, and LORETA cortical sources between groups.
Main Results:
- Significant differences in delta-band EEG power spectra were observed between MCS and SND patients.
- MCS patients exhibited increased delta and theta frequency amplitudes in posterior cortical sources.
- Lower source magnitudes in temporal and frontal lobes were noted for fast frequencies in MCS patients.
Conclusions:
- Fronto-temporal-parietal associative cortices are crucial for awareness.
- Excess slow-wave activity in brain-injured individuals may correlate with a diminished level of awareness.
- Neurophysiological correlates can assess brain areas responsible for awareness in severely impaired patients.
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