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Related Concept Videos

Veins of Head and Neck01:19

Veins of Head and Neck

The blood drainage from the head and neck is primarily managed by three pairs of veins: the external jugular, internal jugular, and vertebral veins. The external jugular veins drain superficial scalp and face structures, passing over the sternocleidomastoid muscles to empty into the subclavian veins.
On the other hand, the vertebral veins, unlike their arterial counterparts, are not primarily responsible for brain drainage. Instead, they drain the cervical vertebrae, spinal cord, and some small...
Arteries of the Head and Neck01:26

Arteries of the Head and Neck

The human body's intricate network of arteries ensures that every organ system receives the necessary oxygen and nutrients for optimal function. The arterial network in the head and neck region is particularly complex, providing vital blood flow to the brain, eyes, and other critical structures. Prominent arteries in this region include the internal carotid arteries and the vertebral arteries.
The internal carotid arteries supply blood to the anterior portion of the cerebrum. They enter the...
Muscles that Move the Head01:19

Muscles that Move the Head

The muscles that move the head are a dynamic and complex group of structures that work together to facilitate a wide range of head movements, including rotation, flexion, extension, and lateral bending.
The bilateral sternocleidomastoid, or SCM, and the suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles are significant head flexors. The SCM muscles originate at the sternum and clavicle and attach to the mastoid process of the temporal bone. The SCM contracts bilaterally to bend the head forward, whereas...
Cancer02:18

Cancer

Cancers arise due to mutations in genes involved in the regulation of cell division, which leads to unrestricted cell proliferation. Modern science and medicine have made great strides in the understanding and treatment of cancer, including eradicating cancer in some patients. However, there is still no cure for cancer. This is largely due to the fact that cancer is a large group of many diseases.
Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...
Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Therapy Testing in a Spheroid-based 3D Cell Culture Model for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
06:11

Therapy Testing in a Spheroid-based 3D Cell Culture Model for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Published on: April 20, 2018

Head and neck cancer.

Athanassios Argiris1, Michalis V Karamouzis, David Raben

  • 1Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA.

Lancet (London, England)
|May 20, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC) is often linked to tobacco and alcohol. Treatment focuses on survival and organ preservation using surgery, radiation, and systemic therapies.

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A Model for Perineural Invasion in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
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A Model for Perineural Invasion in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Published on: January 5, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Therapy Testing in a Spheroid-based 3D Cell Culture Model for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
06:11

Therapy Testing in a Spheroid-based 3D Cell Culture Model for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Published on: April 20, 2018

A Model for Perineural Invasion in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
08:59

A Model for Perineural Invasion in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Published on: January 5, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Head and Neck Surgery
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Head and neck cancers (HNSCC) primarily arise from the upper aerodigestive epithelium.
  • Carcinogen exposure (tobacco, alcohol) and human papillomavirus are key etiological factors.
  • Treatment aims to improve survival while preserving organ function due to complex anatomy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the epidemiology and molecular pathogenesis of HNSCC.
  • To discuss current diagnostic and staging methods.
  • To outline the latest multimodal management strategies for HNSCC.

Main Methods:

  • Review of epidemiological data and molecular pathogenesis studies.
  • Analysis of diagnostic and staging criteria.
  • Evaluation of current treatment modalities including surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy.

Main Results:

  • Significant advancements in surgical techniques and radiotherapy delivery.
  • Successful integration of systemic therapies like chemotherapy and epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors.
  • Multidisciplinary collaboration is crucial for optimal patient management.

Conclusions:

  • HNSCC management requires a multimodal approach considering patient-specific factors.
  • Treatment decisions balance oncologic outcomes with functional preservation.
  • Ongoing research continues to refine HNSCC treatment strategies.