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Cholecystitis

Cholecystitis

Cholecystitis is inflammation of the gallbladder, most commonly caused by obstruction of the cystic duct. This blockage prevents bile from draining, leading to gallbladder distension, inflammation, and potentially serious complications. This condition may present acutely or chronically and can happen with or without gallstones.EtiologyAbout 95% of cholecystitis cases are calculous, caused by gallstones blocking the cystic duct, leading to bile accumulation and inflammation of the gallbladder...

Gallbladder

Gallbladder

The gallbladder is a small, pear-shaped organ that plays a crucial role in our digestive system. Measuring about 10 cm in length, it is comparable in size to a kiwi fruit and is located in a hollow area on the lower surface of the liver. The gallbladder's primary function is to store and concentrate bile, a fluid produced by the liver that aids in digestion.
The gallbladder's anatomy consists of three regions: the fundus, body, and neck. Extending from the neck, the cystic duct joins the common...

Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder

Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder

Liver and gallbladder diseases are a significant health concern, with prominent conditions including cirrhosis, hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and gallstones. Jaundice is a common manifestation of liver and biliary disease.
Cirrhosis is characterized by the scarring of hepatic lobules in the liver, which are replaced by fibrous tissue, affecting the liver's normal functioning. NAFLD, on the other hand, is caused by an excessive build-up of fat in the liver, not related to...

Cancer

Cancer

Cancers arise due to mutations in genes involved in the regulation of cell division, which leads to unrestricted cell proliferation. Modern science and medicine have made great strides in the understanding and treatment of cancer, including eradicating cancer in some patients. However, there is still no cure for cancer. This is largely due to the fact that cancer is a large group of many diseases.

Targeted Cancer Therapies

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Complete Laparoscopic Radical Resection of Perihilar Cholangiocarcinoma Type IIIb

Complete Laparoscopic Radical Resection of Perihilar Cholangiocarcinoma Type IIIb

Published on: January 17, 2025

Gallbladder cancer--a comprehensive review.

C H Eric Lai¹, W Y Lau

¹Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.

The Surgeon : Journal of the Royal Colleges of Surgeons of Edinburgh and Ireland

|May 21, 2008

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Gallbladder cancer management has improved with aggressive surgery, offering better survival rates. Early detection and radical resection are key, but effective adjuvant therapies are still lacking for this biliary tract malignancy.

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Last Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Complete Laparoscopic Radical Resection of Perihilar Cholangiocarcinoma Type IIIb

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Intraoperative Strategy under Complex Vascular Adhesion for Laparoscopic Radical Resection of Bismuth-Corlette Type IIIb Perihilar Cholangiocarcinoma

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Application of the En Bloc Concept Combined with Anatomic Resection in Laparoscopic Hepatectomy

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Published on: March 10, 2023

Area of Science:

Oncology
Surgical Oncology
Gastroenterology

Background:

Gallbladder cancer is the most common biliary tract malignancy worldwide.
It is often diagnosed incidentally after cholecystectomy for gallstones.
Traditionally, it has a poor prognosis with low 5-year survival rates.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the current management strategies for gallbladder cancer.
To highlight advancements in surgical approaches and peri-operative care.
To discuss the prognosis and treatment controversies.

Main Methods:

A comprehensive literature search was conducted using Medline and PubMed.
Articles published between 1990 and 2007 were reviewed.
Keywords included 'carcinoma of gallbladder', 'gallbladder cancer', 'gallbladder neoplasm', and 'cholecystectomy'.

Main Results:

Radical resection for gallbladder cancer can yield 5-year survival rates from 21% to 69%.
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is contraindicated for suspected or known gallbladder cancer.
Second radical resection is recommended for incidental findings, except for Tis and T1a stages.

Conclusions:

Open exploration and cholecystectomy are indicated for suspected gallbladder cancer.
The management of T1b gallbladder cancer remains debated.
Radical resection can benefit advanced disease if a curative R0 resection is achievable; no effective adjuvant therapy exists.