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Related Concept Videos

Electrocardiogram01:29

Electrocardiogram

An electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) is a critical diagnostic tool that records the electrical signals produced by the heart during each heartbeat. This recording is achieved through electrodes placed strategically on the arms, legs, and chest. The electrocardiograph amplifies these signals and produces 12 distinct tracings, offering a comprehensive understanding of the heart's electrical activity.
Three major waveforms are present in a typical ECG recording: the P wave, the QRS complex, and the T...
Electrophysiology of Normal Cardiac Rhythm01:19

Electrophysiology of Normal Cardiac Rhythm

The normal cardiac rhythm is a synchronized electrical activity that facilitates the regular and coordinated contraction of the heart muscle. This process is essential for efficient blood circulation throughout the body. The fundamental elements involved in establishing and maintaining this rhythm include the unique electrical properties of cardiac muscle cells, the sinoatrial (SA) node's pacemaker function, the specialized conducting system, and the ionic mechanisms underlying each phase of...
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Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System I:Echocardiography

Cardiac imaging studies encompass a wide range of noninvasive and minimally invasive techniques designed to visualize the heart's structure and function in detail. One such technique is echocardiography, which uses high-frequency ultrasound waves to produce detailed images of the heart, known as echocardiograms.
Indications: Echocardiography is utilized to diagnose heart failure, valve disorders, and myocardial infarction. It also assesses cardiac structures' size, shape, and motion, evaluates...
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The electrical signals recorded on an electrocardiogram (ECG) occur before the mechanical processes of contraction and relaxation during the cardiac cycle.
A cardiac action potential originates in the SA node and spreads throughout the atria and the AV node in approximately 0.03 seconds. This results in the P wave in an ECG and triggers atrial contraction. The action potential is then briefly slowed at the AV node, allowing the atria to contract and fill the ventricles with blood before...
Cardiac Action Potential01:30

Cardiac Action Potential

Cardiac action potentials are essential for proper heart function, enabling the rhythmic contractions needed for adequate blood circulation. Nodal cells and Purkinje fibers, specialized for electrical conduction, generate these action potentials.
The cardiac action potential process involves a series of phases characterized by the movement of ions across the cardiac cell membranes, leading to the depolarization and repolarization of the cardiac myocytes.
Ionic Basis of Cardiac Action Potentials

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Isolation of Endocardial and Coronary Endothelial Cells from the Ventricular Free Wall of the Rat Heart
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Cardiac expression patterns of endothelin-converting enzyme (ECE): implications for conduction system development.

David Sedmera1, Brett S Harris, Elizabeth Grant

  • 1Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, USA.

Developmental Dynamics : an Official Publication of the American Association of Anatomists
|May 21, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Endothelin-converting enzyme (ECE) protein is crucial for developing avian cardiac conduction systems. Cardiac hemodynamic load directly impacts ECE levels and distribution, influencing heart development.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Molecular Cardiology

Background:

  • Endothelin (ET) is a cytokine vital for Purkinje fiber recruitment in the heart.
  • Endothelin-converting enzyme (ECE) produces ET through proteolytic cleavage of Big-ET.
  • The role of ECE protein in cardiac development, particularly in the conduction system, remains largely unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the spatiotemporal distribution of ECE protein in the embryonic chick heart.
  • To determine the association of ECE protein with the developing cardiac conduction system.
  • To elucidate the effect of cardiac hemodynamic load on ECE expression and distribution.

Main Methods:

  • Generation of a specific antibody against chick ECE protein (approx. 70 kD).
  • Immunohistochemical analysis to map ECE protein expression in embryonic chick hearts.
  • Experimental manipulation of cardiac hemodynamic load to assess its impact on ECE levels.
  • In vivo blockade of ET receptors using bosentan to evaluate effects on cardiac activation sequence.

Main Results:

  • ECE protein expression was observed in endothelial cells, mesenchymal cells, and myocytes, extending beyond mRNA distribution.
  • ECE protein was particularly enriched in the developing trabeculae and ventricular conduction system.
  • Myocardial ECE expression significantly changed under altered hemodynamic loading conditions.
  • ET receptor blockade delayed the maturation of the cardiac activation sequence.

Conclusions:

  • ECE protein plays a significant role in the differentiation and maturation of the avian cardiac conduction system.
  • Cardiac hemodynamic load is a direct regulator of ECE expression and localization during heart development.
  • These findings highlight ECE as a key factor in cardiac electrophysiological development.