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Related Concept Videos

Neuroplasticity01:01

Neuroplasticity

Neuroplasticity reflects the brain's remarkable capacity to adapt and evolve, responding dynamically to learning, experiences, or injury by reorganizing its neural circuitry. This reorganization involves creating new neural connections and refining old ones through a series of biological processes that contribute to the brain's lifelong development and adaptability.
Plasticity00:58

Plasticity

Plasticity is the property where an object loses its elasticity and undergoes irreversible deformation, even after the deformation forces are eliminated. If a material deforms irreversibly without increasing stress or load, then this is called ideal plasticity. For example, when a force is applied to an aluminum rod, it changes its shape, but it does not return to its original shape once the force is removed. Plastic deformation or ductility is thus a permanent deformation or change in the...
Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue01:15

Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue

In the CNS, neurogenesis, the birth of new neurons from stem cells, is limited to the hippocampus in adults. In other regions of the brain and spinal cord, neurogenesis is almost non-existent due to inhibitory influences from neuroglia, especially oligodendrocytes, and the absence of growth-stimulating cues. The myelin produced by oligodendrocytes in the CNS inhibits neuronal regeneration. Furthermore, astrocytes proliferate rapidly after neuronal damage, forming scar tissue that physically...
Spinal Cord Injury ll: Pathophysiology01:14

Spinal Cord Injury ll: Pathophysiology

Spinal cord injury progresses through two interconnected phases: primary injury and secondary injury.Primary InjuryPrimary injury happens at the moment of trauma and involves immediate mechanical damage to the spinal cord.Compression happens when broken vertebrae, herniated discs, or accumulating blood (such as a hematoma) press directly against the spinal cord, distorting its normal shape and function. In cases of contusion, the cord is bruised by a blunt force (like penetrating injuries or...

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Related Experiment Video

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A Neonatal Mouse Spinal Cord Compression Injury Model
13:31

A Neonatal Mouse Spinal Cord Compression Injury Model

Published on: March 27, 2016

Plasticity and injury in the developing brain.

Michael V Johnston1, Akira Ishida, Wako Nakajima Ishida

  • 1Department of Neurology, Kennedy Krieger Institute and Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, 707 North Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. Johnston@kennedykrieger.org

Brain & Development
|May 21, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Children

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Childhood brain plasticity facilitates rapid skill acquisition and recovery from injury.
  • Mechanisms include neural overproduction/deletion and activity-dependent synapse stabilization.
  • Molecular pathways of synaptic plasticity are key to understanding pediatric neurological disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore molecular mechanisms of brain plasticity in children.
  • To understand the role of synaptic plasticity in pediatric neurological disorders.
  • To investigate sex-based differences in brain injury pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current research on synaptic plasticity mechanisms.
  • Analysis of molecular pathways involved in brain development and injury.
  • Examination of evidence regarding sex differences in neuronal cell death.

Main Results:

  • Activity-dependent synaptic plasticity involves glutamate-mediated pathways.
  • These pathways are implicated in disorders like Fragile X and Rett syndrome.
  • Brain injury pathways, particularly cell death, show sex-based differences.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding molecular plasticity mechanisms offers insights into pediatric neurological disorders.
  • Targeting plasticity pathways may lead to novel therapeutic strategies.
  • Acknowledging sex differences in injury response is crucial for developing tailored treatments.