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Related Concept Videos

Antibody Actions01:26

Antibody Actions

Antibodies, or immunoglobulins, are critical players in the immune system's arsenal against invading pathogens. Produced by B cells and plasma cells, their primary role is to detect and bind to specific antigens, molecules found on the surface of pathogens like bacteria or viruses. Beyond antigen recognition, antibodies perform several vital functions that contribute to immune defense.
Neutralization
Antibodies can bind to pathogens, preventing them from infecting host cells. This process...
Humoral Immune Responses01:36

Humoral Immune Responses

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Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and reactivity.
Antibody Structure01:10

Antibody Structure

Overview
Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are essential players of the adaptive immune system. These antigen-binding proteins are produced by B cells and make up 20 percent of the total blood plasma by weight. In mammals, antibodies fall into five different classes, which each elicits a different biological response upon antigen binding.
The Y-Shaped Structure of Antibodies Consists of Four Polypeptide Chains
Antibodies consist of four polypeptide chains: two identical heavy...
Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens01:31

Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens

The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...

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Antibody Transfection into Neurons as a Tool to Study Disease Pathogenesis
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Published on: September 26, 2012

Pathogenic anti-nucleosome antibodies.

S Muller1, J Dieker, A Tincani

  • 1CNRS, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Immunologie et Chimie Thérapeutiques, Strasbourg, France. s.muller@ibmc.u-strasbg.fr

Lupus
|May 21, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Nucleosomes are key targets in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), driving autoimmunity. Increased nucleosomes and anti-nucleosome antibodies correlate with active disease and kidney damage in SLE patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Rheumatology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Nucleosomes, fundamental chromatin units, are increasingly recognized as critical autoantigens in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
  • Disturbances in apoptosis or impaired clearance of apoptotic cells lead to elevated exposure of modified nucleosomes to the immune system.
  • These exposed nucleosomes can break immune tolerance, triggering autoimmune responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of nucleosomes as immunogens and autoantibody targets in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
  • To explore the association between nucleosome levels, anti-nucleosome antibodies, and disease activity, particularly nephritis.
  • To examine the presence of anti-nucleosome antibodies in related autoimmune conditions like primary anti-phospholipid syndrome.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing evidence on nucleosome immunogenicity and antibody production in SLE.
  • Analysis of studies correlating plasma nucleosome levels with disease activity.
  • Examination of nucleosome deposition in kidney biopsies and skin samples from SLE patients.
  • Correlation analysis of anti-nucleosome antibodies with nephritis and other autoimmune conditions.

Main Results:

  • Elevated circulating nucleosomes correlate positively with active SLE disease.
  • Nucleosomes are found in glomerular deposits and skin basement membranes of SLE patients.
  • A strong correlation exists between nephritis and the presence of anti-nucleosome antibodies.
  • Anti-nucleosome antibodies are also detected in primary anti-phospholipid syndrome, especially with lupus-like disease.

Conclusions:

  • Nucleosomes are significant drivers of autoimmunity in SLE, acting as both immunogens and targets.
  • Anti-nucleosome antibodies are implicated in the pathogenesis of SLE nephritis.
  • Detection of nucleosomes and related antibodies aids in understanding SLE and associated conditions.