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Phylogenetic lineages in the Botryosphaeriaceae.

Pedro W Crous1, Bernard Slippers, Michael J Wingfield

  • 1Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD, Utrecht, The Netherlands.

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Botryosphaeria fungi, often causing plant dieback, have complex relationships between their sexual and asexual forms. DNA analysis reveals 12 distinct lineages, clarifying their evolutionary and taxonomic positions.

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Area of Science:

  • Mycology
  • Plant Pathology
  • Molecular Systematics

Background:

  • Botryosphaeria species are widespread plant pathogens causing dieback and cankers.
  • The genus exhibits complex anamorph-teleomorph associations, with numerous genera synonymized under Diplodia or Fusicoccum.
  • Morphological intermediates and extrageneric anamorphs complicate traditional taxonomy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To resolve the phylogenetic lineages within the Botryosphaeriaceae family.
  • To clarify the taxonomic placement of Botryosphaeria and its associated anamorphs using molecular data.
  • To establish a robust classification system for this important group of plant pathogens.

Main Methods:

  • DNA sequencing of the 28S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) gene.
  • Phylogenetic analyses to infer evolutionary relationships.
  • Comparative morphological analysis of anamorphs and teleomorphs.

Main Results:

  • Twelve distinct clades were identified based on 28S rDNA sequence data.
  • Two lineages, including Diplodia-like anamorphs on maize, were placed outside Botryosphaeriaceae, suggesting placement in Stenocarpella (Diaporthales).
  • Ten lineages were recognized within Botryosphaeriaceae, including new genera like Neoscytalidium, Neofusicoccum, and Pseudofusicoccum, and unresolved clades.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a molecular framework for understanding Botryosphaeria diversity and evolution.
  • The findings necessitate taxonomic revisions, including the establishment of new genera and reclassification of existing species.
  • Further research, particularly with ex-type cultures, is needed to resolve the taxonomy of certain clades.