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Related Concept Videos

Basicity of Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines01:25

Basicity of Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines

Heterocyclic amines, where the N atom is a part of an alicyclic system, are similar in basicity to alkylamines. Interestingly, the heterocyclic amine having a nitrogen atom as part of an aromatic ring has much less basicity than its corresponding alicyclic counterpart. For this reason, as presented in Figure 1, piperidine (pKb = 2.8) is significantly more basic than pyridine (pKb = 8.8).
Aldehydes and Ketones with Amines: Imine Formation Mechanism01:23

Aldehydes and Ketones with Amines: Imine Formation Mechanism

Imine formation involves the addition of carbonyl compounds to a primary amine. It begins with the generation of carbinolamine through a series of steps involving an initial nucleophilic attack and then several proton transfer reactions. The second part includes the elimination of water, as a leaving group, to give the imine.
Imines are formed under mildly acidic conditions. A pH of 4.5 is ideal for the reaction.
If the pH is low or the solution is too acidic, the reaction slows down in the...
Preparation of Amides01:29

Preparation of Amides

Amides are synthesized by treating carboxylic acids with amines in the presence of dehydrating agents like dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC).
The DCC-promoted synthesis of amides begins with the protonation of DCC by carboxylic acid. The protonation makes it a better acceptor. Next, the addition of carboxylate to the protonated carbodiimide gives a reactive acylating agent.
Subsequently, the amine acts as a nucleophile that attacks the acylating agent to form a tetrahedral intermediate. In the...
Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)01:16

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)

Ring-opening metathesis polymerization or ROMP involves strained cycloalkenes as starting materials. The mechanism of ROMP proceeds by reacting cycloalkene with Grubbs catalyst to give metallacyclobutane intermediate which undergoes a ring-opening reaction to form new carbene. The new carbene reacts with another molecule of cycloalkene. Repetition of these steps leads to the formation of an unsaturated open-chain polymer product. All these steps are reversible, however, relieving the ring...
Aldehydes and Ketones with Amines: Imine and Enamine Formation Overview01:16

Aldehydes and Ketones with Amines: Imine and Enamine Formation Overview

Primary amines react with carbonyl compounds—aldehydes and ketones—to generate imines. Imines consist of a C=N double bond and are named Schiff bases after its discoverer—the German chemist Hugo Schiff. On the other hand, secondary amines react with carbonyl compounds to give enamines. In enamines, the presence of a C=C double bond adjacent to the nitrogen atom leads to the delocalization of the lone pair.
Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview01:13

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview

Recently, the development of olefin metathesis polymerization advanced the field of polymer synthesis. Simply put, the reorganization of substituents on their double bonds between two olefins in the presence of a catalyst is known as the olefin metathesis reaction. The use of metathesis reaction for polymer synthesis is called olefin metathesis polymerization.
Ruthenium-based Grubbs catalyst is the most commonly used catalyst for olefin metathesis polymerization. Grubbs catalyst consists of a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Self-assembling Morphologies Obtained from Helical Polycarbodiimide Copolymers and Their Triazole Derivatives
09:22

Self-assembling Morphologies Obtained from Helical Polycarbodiimide Copolymers and Their Triazole Derivatives

Published on: February 7, 2017

Pyridine-imide oligomers.

Xiao Li1, Chuanlang Zhan, Yaobing Wang

  • 1Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China.

Chemical Communications (Cambridge, England)
|May 21, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Researchers synthesized pyridine-imide oligomers that form stable helical structures. Intramolecular hydrogen bonds and imide unit characteristics stabilize these compact helical conformations.

Area of Science:

  • Organic chemistry
  • Polymer science
  • Supramolecular chemistry

Background:

  • Pyridine-imide oligomers are a class of compounds with potential applications in materials science.
  • Understanding their conformational behavior is crucial for designing novel functional materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize novel pyridine-imide oligomers.
  • To investigate the conformational properties of these oligomers.

Main Methods:

  • Alternative incorporation of imide and pyridine units into oligomeric chains.
  • Analysis of helical conformations using spectroscopic and structural techniques.

Main Results:

  • Successful synthesis of pyridine-imide oligomers.

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Synthesis of pH Dependent Pyrazole, Imidazole, and Isoindolone Dipyrrinone Fluorophores using a Claisen-Schmidt Condensation Approach

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Synthesis of pH Dependent Pyrazole, Imidazole, and Isoindolone Dipyrrinone Fluorophores using a Claisen-Schmidt Condensation Approach
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  • Formation of highly compact and stable helical structures.
  • Identification of intramolecular hydrogen bonds between imide and pyridine units as key stabilizing factors.

    • Conclusions:

    • Pyridine-imide oligomers can adopt stable helical conformations.
    • Intramolecular hydrogen bonding plays a critical role in stabilizing these helical structures.
    • The structural features of imide units contribute to the observed stability and compactness.