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Related Concept Videos

Gene-Environment Interactions01:20

Gene-Environment Interactions

Gene expression is a dynamic process that is significantly influenced by environmental factors. This interaction underlies the complex nature of biological development and the phenotypic differences observed among individuals, even among those with identical genetic makeups. Factors such as radiation, temperature, behavior, nutrition, and stress play pivotal roles in determining how genes are expressed. The concept of the reaction range is central to understanding this interaction. It posits...
Background and Environment Affect Phenotype02:27

Background and Environment Affect Phenotype

Although the genetic makeup of an organism plays a major role in determining the phenotype, there are also several environmental factors, such as temperature, oxygen availability, presence of mutagens, that can alter an organism’s phenotype.
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...
Behavioral Genetics and Its Designs01:23

Behavioral Genetics and Its Designs

Behavior genetics explores how genetic inheritance influences human behavior. It focuses on how genes, passed from parents to offspring, contribute to the development of behavioral traits and tendencies. This branch of genetics seeks to understand the complex interplay between inherited genetic factors and environmental influences in shaping our behaviors.
The primary methodologies used in behavior genetics include family studies, twin studies, and adoption studies, each providing unique...
Heritability01:06

Heritability

Heritability is a statistical concept that measures the degree to which genetic differences among individuals contribute to trait variations within a population. It is a fundamental idea in genetics, often prone to misinterpretation. Heritability is expressed as a percentage, reflecting the proportion of variation in a specific trait across a population that can be linked to genetic differences. However, it's important to understand that heritability does not determine how "genetic" a trait is,...
Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu01:29

Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu

Genetic variations significantly influence drug response through pharmacokinetics, receptor interactions, and biologic milieu modifications. Pharmacokinetic alterations impact drug metabolism and clearance, affecting efficacy and toxicity. Variants in drug-metabolizing enzymes, such as CYP2C9 and CYP2C19, alter drug activation and elimination. For example, CYP2C9 loss-of-function variants require lower warfarin doses to prevent excessive bleeding, while CYP2C19 variants reduce clopidogrel...
Relative Risk01:12

Relative Risk

Relative risk (RR) is a statistical measure commonly used in epidemiology to compare the likelihood of a particular event occurring between two groups. This metric is important for evaluating the relationship between exposure to a specific risk factor and the probability of a particular outcome. It plays a crucial role in medical research, public health studies, and risk assessment. Relative risk quantifies how much more (or less) likely an event is to occur in an exposed group compared to an...

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Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Gene-environment Interaction Models to Unmask Susceptibility Mechanisms in Parkinson's Disease
08:09

Gene-environment Interaction Models to Unmask Susceptibility Mechanisms in Parkinson's Disease

Published on: January 7, 2014

Gene-environment interactions and familial relative risks.

J Lorenzo Bermejo1

  • 1Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany. J.Lorenzo@dkfz.de

Human Heredity
|May 22, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Gene-environment interactions significantly influence disease risk in families. Understanding these interactions, particularly for complex diseases like lung cancer, is crucial for genetic studies and risk assessment.

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Navigating MARRVEL, a Web-Based Tool that Integrates Human Genomics and Model Organism Genetics Information
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Navigating MARRVEL, a Web-Based Tool that Integrates Human Genomics and Model Organism Genetics Information

Published on: August 15, 2019

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Last Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Gene-environment Interaction Models to Unmask Susceptibility Mechanisms in Parkinson's Disease
08:09

Gene-environment Interaction Models to Unmask Susceptibility Mechanisms in Parkinson's Disease

Published on: January 7, 2014

Navigating MARRVEL, a Web-Based Tool that Integrates Human Genomics and Model Organism Genetics Information
09:37

Navigating MARRVEL, a Web-Based Tool that Integrates Human Genomics and Model Organism Genetics Information

Published on: August 15, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Genetics and Environmental Health
  • Complex Disease Etiology
  • Gene-Environment Interaction Studies

Background:

  • Familial disease clustering can result from shared genes and environments.
  • Spouses may share similar lifestyle exposures (e.g., smoking) contributing to disease risk.
  • Investigating gene-environment interactions is key to understanding familial disease patterns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To model the influence of gene-environment interactions on disease relative risks for offspring and spouses.
  • To explore how genetic and environmental parameters affect familial relative risks.
  • To use lung cancer and smoking as a model for complex disease investigation.

Main Methods:

  • Development of theoretical models to assess familial relative risks.
  • Inclusion of parameters such as exposure frequency, genetic factors, and inheritance modes.
  • Analysis of gene-environment interaction models.

Main Results:

  • Parent-offspring and spouse-spouse relative risks varied based on genetic and environmental contributions.
  • Familial lung cancer risk decreased with increased smoking prevalence.
  • The relationship between exposure frequency and relative risk differed when genes and environment had synergistic effects.

Conclusions:

  • Estimating disease relative risk across exposure frequencies aids in evaluating genetic contributions.
  • A positive association between offspring risk and exposure frequency suggests gene-environment interaction.
  • Findings have implications for gene identification in complex diseases.