Endoscopic Studies I: Bronchoscopy and Thoracoscopy
Endoscopic Studies II: Thoracocentesis
Pneumothorax-II
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation V: Advanced Airway Management Techniques
Flail Chest-II
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Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Local Anesthetic Thoracoscopy for Undiagnosed Pleural Effusion
Published on: November 10, 2023
J P Janssen1, P E Postmus, J C Van Mourik
1Department of Pulmonary Medicine Canisius Wilhelmina Ziekenhuis Postbus 9015 Nijmegen 6500 GS The Netherlands.
Thoracoscopy is a safe and simple diagnostic tool for pleural and pulmonary conditions like effusions, masses, and interstitial lung disease. This minimally invasive procedure offers valuable insights, often performed under local anesthesia.
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