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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Ex Utero Electroporation and Organotypic Slice Cultures of Embryonic Mouse Brains for Live-Imaging of Migrating GABAergic Interneurons

Ex Utero Electroporation and Organotypic Slice Cultures of Embryonic Mouse Brains for Live-Imaging of Migrating GABAergic Interneurons

Published on: April 20, 2018

Intracortical multidirectional migration of cortical interneurons.

Fujio Murakami¹, Daisuke Tanaka, Mitsutoshi Yanagida

¹Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 1-3, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.

Novartis Foundation Symposium

|May 23, 2008

Summary

Cortical interneuron migration within the brain cortex is diverse, involving tangential, radial, and stationary movements. These complex migratory behaviors contribute to the final positioning of interneurons in the brain.

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Last Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Ex Utero Electroporation and Organotypic Slice Cultures of Embryonic Mouse Brains for Live-Imaging of Migrating GABAergic Interneurons

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Published on: April 20, 2018

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Migratory Behavior of Cells Generated in Ganglionic Eminence Cultures

Migratory Behavior of Cells Generated in Ganglionic Eminence Cultures

Published on: April 21, 2011

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Developmental Biology
Cell Biology

Background:

Most cortical interneurons originate in the basal forebrain and migrate tangentially to the cortex.
The precise routes and modes of intracortical migration for these neurons remain largely uncharacterized.

Purpose of the Study:

To elucidate the intracortical migration routes and modes of cortical interneurons.
To understand the complex cellular movements after interneurons reach the cortex.

Main Methods:

Real-time analysis using glutamate decarboxylase (GAD)67/green fluorescence protein (GFP) knock-in mice.
Electroporation-based gene transfer of DsRed into the ganglionic eminence (GE) of mouse embryos.
Observation of migration in coronal slices, flat-mounted cortex, marginal zone, and ventricular zone.

Main Results:

Cortical interneurons exhibit diverse migration patterns, including ventrolateral-to-dorsomedial movement in the lower-intermediate zone.
A significant number of interneurons migrate radially towards the pial or ventricular surfaces.
Interneurons also display tangential migration in all directions within the marginal and ventricular zones.
Medial GE-derived interneurons show similar complex migratory behaviors.

Conclusions:

Cortical interneuron migration is a multi-modal process involving successive stages of different migratory behaviors.
The final settlement of interneurons in their cortical destinations is a result of these complex, successive migratory processes.