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Related Concept Videos

Hepatic Encephalopathy01:29

Hepatic Encephalopathy

DefinitionHepatic encephalopathy is a reversible neurologic syndrome that results from advanced liver dysfunction or portosystemic shunting. It leads to disturbances in cognition, behavior, and motor function due to the brain’s exposure to gut-derived toxins that the liver fails to detoxify.EtiologyThis condition develops either in the setting of acute fulminant hepatitis or progressively during chronic liver disease, such as cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Portosystemic shunting—including...
Seizures l: Introduction01:20

Seizures l: Introduction

Understanding seizures and epilepsy relies on key definitions that help in recognizing, classifying, and managing these disorders. These definitions provide a framework for recognizing, classifying, and managing seizure disorders.DefinitionsA seizure is a sudden, abnormal burst of electrical activity in the brain that can cause changes in awareness, movement, sensation, or behavior, depending on the area involved. Epilepsy is a chronic condition characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures,...
Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
Cerebral Edema ll: Pathophysiology01:22

Cerebral Edema ll: Pathophysiology

Vasogenic edema is a major form of cerebral edema characterized by abnormal accumulation of fluid in the brain’s extracellular space due to disruption of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). The BBB is a specialized structure composed of endothelial cells connected by tight junctions, supported by astrocytic endfeet and a basement membrane. Under normal conditions, it tightly regulates the movement of ions, proteins, and solutes between the bloodstream and brain parenchyma. When this barrier loses...
Seizures: Classification01:13

Seizures: Classification

Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:
Encephalitis l: Introduction01:19

Encephalitis l: Introduction

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...

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Disruption of the Mouse Blood-Brain Barrier by Small Extracellular Vesicles from Hypoxic Human Placentas
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Eclampsia: a neurological perspective.

A K Shah1, K Rajamani, J E Whitty

  • 1Department of Neurology, Wayne State University/Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI 48201, United States. ashah@med.wayne.edu

Journal of the Neurological Sciences
|May 23, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Eclampsia, a disorder of gestational hypertension, presents diverse neurological symptoms. While most neurological deficits resolved by discharge, some women experienced new issues like recurrent headaches or seizures post-partum.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Obstetrics
  • Maternal-Fetal Medicine

Background:

  • Eclampsia is a poorly understood disorder linked to gestational hypertension.
  • Neurological manifestations of eclampsia contribute significantly to maternal morbidity and mortality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively study the neurological symptoms, signs, neuroimaging, laboratory findings, and prognosis of eclampsia.
  • To describe the varied neurological presentations and outcomes in women with eclampsia.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective study of forty women over four years.
  • Detailed description of neurological symptoms, neuroimaging (MRI, CT), laboratory studies, and 3-6 month follow-up.

Main Results:

  • Seizures predominantly occurred postpartum (55%), with a notable incidence of late postpartum eclampsia (over 48h).
  • Common neurological findings included memory deficits, visual disturbances, and elevated intracranial pressure. MRI was more sensitive than CT, revealing abnormalities in frontal/parietal lobes.
  • Neurological deficits resolved by discharge in all patients, though some developed new issues like recurrent headaches or seizures at follow-up.

Conclusions:

  • Eclampsia presents with a wide spectrum of neurological manifestations.
  • While acute neurological deficits often resolve, long-term neurological sequelae such as recurrent headaches or seizures can occur.
  • This study highlights the importance of thorough neurological assessment and follow-up in eclampsia management.