Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Three Dimensional Vestibular Ocular Reflex Testing Using a Six Degrees of Freedom Motion Platform
Published on: May 23, 2013
[Three-dimensional anatomical position of rotatory center in cervical rotatory and local manipulation]
Objective:
To investigate the three-dimensional anatomical position of the rotatory center in cervical rotatory and local manipulation.
Methods:
A three-dimensional model was constructed based on CT data from cadaveric specimens of axial spinous process deviation. Cervical rotation was simulated on this model, and the graphic outcome was analyzed.
Results:
The rotatory center of this model was at the dens axis, not at the apex of the axial spionus process, and the angle of rotation exceeded observable angle.
Conclusion:
The new concept of anisotropic rotation of the cervical vertebrae should be established and its principles must be comprehended in clinical practice of cervical rotatory manipulation.
Related Concept Videos
Anatomical Positions
The body is upright, facing forward, and standing erect.
The feet are parallel and flat on the floor.
The arms are hanging by the...
Articulations of the Vertebral Column
Anatomical Movements
Here are some common anatomical movements:
Flexion and extension motions are in the sagittal (anterior–posterior) plane of motion. These movements take place at the shoulder, hip, elbow, knee, wrist, metacarpophalangeal,...
Rotation of Asymmetric Top
The relationship between the angular momentum of any rigid body and its angular velocity, both of which are vectors, involves the moment of inertia. The moment of inertia is a scalar quantity only for spherically symmetric...
Muscles that Move the Head
The bilateral sternocleidomastoid, or SCM, and the suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles are significant head flexors. The SCM muscles originate at the sternum and clavicle and attach to the mastoid process of the temporal bone. The SCM contracts bilaterally to bend the head forward, whereas...
Rotational Motion about a Fixed Axis

