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Related Concept Videos

Replication in Eukaryotes02:31

Replication in Eukaryotes

Overview
Proofreading01:43

Proofreading

Synthesis of new DNA molecules starts when DNA polymerase links nucleotides together in a sequence that is complementary to the template DNA strand. DNA polymerase has a higher affinity for the correct base to ensure fidelity in DNA replication. The DNA polymerase furthermore proofreads during replication, using an exonuclease domain that cuts off incorrect nucleotides from the nascent DNA strand.Errors during Replication Are Corrected by the DNA Polymerase EnzymeGenomic DNA is synthesized in...
The Replisome03:01

The Replisome

DNA replication is carried out by a large complex of proteins that act in a coordinated matter to achieve high-fidelity DNA replication. Together this complex is known as the DNA replication machinery or the replisome.
The synthesis of the leading and lagging strands is a highly coordinated process. To explain this, the “Trombone model” was proposed by Bruce Alberts in 1980. The DNA loop formation starts when a primer is synthesized on the parent lagging strand. The loop grows with the...
The Replisome03:01

The Replisome

DNA replication is carried out by a large complex of proteins that act in a coordinated matter to achieve high-fidelity DNA replication. Together this complex is known as the DNA replication machinery or the replisome.
The synthesis of the leading and lagging strands is a highly coordinated process. To explain this, the “Trombone model” was proposed by Bruce Alberts in 1980. The DNA loop formation starts when a primer is synthesized on the parent lagging strand. The loop grows with the...
Proofreading01:31

Proofreading

Synthesis of new DNA molecules is carried out by the enzyme DNA polymerase, which adds nucleotides on the daughter strand complementary to the template DNA strand. DNA polymerase has a higher affinity to add the correct base and ensures fidelity during DNA replication. Furthermore,  it exhibits proofreading activity during replication, using an exonuclease domain that cuts off incorrect nucleotides from the nascent DNA strand.
Errors During Replication are Corrected by the DNA Polymerase Enzyme
Replication in Eukaryotes01:29

Replication in Eukaryotes

In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
Many Proteins Orchestrate Replication at the Origin
Eukaryotic replication follows many of the same...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 29, 2026

DNA Polymerase Activity Assay Using Near-infrared Fluorescent Labeled DNA Visualized by Acrylamide Gel Electrophoresis
07:38

DNA Polymerase Activity Assay Using Near-infrared Fluorescent Labeled DNA Visualized by Acrylamide Gel Electrophoresis

Published on: October 6, 2017

Multiple functions of DNA polymerases.

Miguel Garcia-Diaz1, Katarzyna Bebenek

  • 1Laboratory of Structural Biology and Laboratory of Molecular Genetics NIEHS, NIH, DHHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709.

Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences
|May 23, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

DNA polymerases are crucial for genome replication and repair. This review highlights plant DNA polymerases, which are less understood than those in yeast and mammals, despite their importance.

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Last Updated: Jun 29, 2026

DNA Polymerase Activity Assay Using Near-infrared Fluorescent Labeled DNA Visualized by Acrylamide Gel Electrophoresis
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DNA Polymerase Activity Assay Using Near-infrared Fluorescent Labeled DNA Visualized by Acrylamide Gel Electrophoresis

Published on: October 6, 2017

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Proofreading and DNA Repair Assay Using Single Nucleotide Extension and MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry Analysis

Published on: June 19, 2018

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Single-Molecule Fluorescence Visualization of DNA Polymerase Dynamics at G-Quadruplexes

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • DNA polymerases are essential for accurate genome replication and transmission.
  • Cells possess multiple DNA repair pathways to counteract DNA damage.
  • DNA polymerases play a central role in DNA replication and repair processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the properties and functions of DNA polymerases.
  • To focus on yeast and mammalian DNA polymerases.
  • To pay special attention to plant DNA polymerases and their unique roles.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of DNA polymerase functions.
  • Comparative analysis of DNA polymerases across different organisms (E. coli, yeast, mammals, plants).
  • Focus on the model plant organism Arabidopsis thaliana.

Main Results:

  • All organisms possess multiple, specialized DNA polymerases.
  • Significant knowledge exists for bacterial, yeast, and mammalian polymerases.
  • Plant DNA polymerases, like those in Arabidopsis thaliana, are numerous but largely uncharacterized.

Conclusions:

  • DNA polymerases are vital for maintaining genome integrity.
  • Understanding plant DNA polymerases is crucial due to their largely unknown functions.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the specific roles of plant DNA polymerases in replication and repair.