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Related Concept Videos

Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health01:25

Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health

The growth and maintenance of bone are regulated by a combination of nutritional factors, including vitamins, such as vitamin A, B12, C, D, and K.
Vitamin A
Vitamin A is involved in the process of bone remodeling. Retinoic acid, the active metabolite of Vitamin A, has nuclear receptors in osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which are involved in bone remodeling.
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 acts as a cofactor during the formation of osteoblast-related proteins, such as osteocalcin. Vitamin B12 plays a role...
Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...
Essential Minerals for Bone Health01:31

Essential Minerals for Bone Health

The minerals contained in all of the food we consume are essential for our organ systems. However, certain essential minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, and fluoride, largely affect bone health.
Calcium and Phosphorus
Calcium is a critical component of bones, especially in the form of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. Since the body cannot make calcium, it must be obtained from the diet. However, calcium cannot be absorbed from the small intestine without...
Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Studies on the Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Xiaoyao Pills in The Treatment of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis in Mice
07:20

Studies on the Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Xiaoyao Pills in The Treatment of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis in Mice

Published on: August 23, 2024

Osteoporosis in Indians.

N Malhotra1, A Mithal

  • 1Department of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Indraprastha Apollo Hospital New Delhi, India.

The Indian Journal of Medical Research
|May 24, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Osteoporosis affects an estimated 25 million Indians, with fractures occurring at younger ages. Widespread vitamin D deficiency, linked to diet and low sun exposure, significantly impacts bone health in the Indian population.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Studies on the Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Xiaoyao Pills in The Treatment of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis in Mice
07:20

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Published on: August 23, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Bone Metabolism and Health
  • Public Health
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Osteoporosis, characterized by low bone mass and deteriorating bone tissue, increases fracture risk.
  • An estimated 25 million Indians are affected by osteoporosis, with fractures occurring commonly in both sexes and at younger ages compared to Western populations.
  • Widespread vitamin D deficiency is prevalent across all ages and sexes in India, particularly in urban areas, due to factors like limited sunlight exposure and diet.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the significant impact of vitamin D deficiency on bone mineral density (BMD) and overall bone health in the Indian population.
  • To emphasize the importance of lifestyle interventions for improving bone metabolism and health.
  • To recommend public health strategies for increasing peak bone mass and managing osteoporosis risk.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of existing data and clinical experience to estimate osteoporosis prevalence in India.
  • Review of recent studies demonstrating widespread vitamin D deficiency across India.
  • Comparison of BMD in Indian and Western Caucasian populations.

Main Results:

  • Indians exhibit lower BMD compared to Western Caucasians, with vitamin D deficiency being a major contributing factor.
  • Poor sunlight exposure, skin pigmentation, and vitamin D-deficient diets are identified causes of widespread vitamin D deficiency.
  • Healthy lifestyle choices, including diet, exercise, and sunlight exposure, can positively impact bone metabolism and health.

Conclusions:

  • Public health measures promoting healthy lifestyles are effective, safe, and cost-effective for the general Indian population.
  • Targeted pharmacological interventions are recommended only for individuals at high risk of fractures due to cost.
  • Early intervention in children is crucial for significantly increasing peak bone mass and improving long-term bone health.