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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology01:21

Chronic Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology

Chronic pancreatitis is a progressive and irreversible inflammation of the pancreas, most often caused by long-term alcohol abuse, but it can also be related to ductal obstruction, smoking, or genetic factors.Chronic pancreatitis occurs when the pancreas is repeatedly exposed to harmful agents like alcohol, smoking, ductal obstruction, or genetic predisposition. These factors lead to the release of toxic metabolites and inflammatory cytokines, sustaining chronic inflammation in the pancreatic...
Cholecystitis01:20

Cholecystitis

Cholecystitis is inflammation of the gallbladder, most commonly caused by obstruction of the cystic duct. This blockage prevents bile from draining, leading to gallbladder distension, inflammation, and potentially serious complications. This condition may present acutely or chronically and can happen with or without gallstones.EtiologyAbout 95% of cholecystitis cases are calculous, caused by gallstones blocking the cystic duct, leading to bile accumulation and inflammation of the gallbladder...
Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction01:17

Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction

Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The distinctive feature is recurrent abdominal pain associated with altered bowel movements, manifesting as constipation, diarrhea, or fluctuating between both. The...
Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder01:26

Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder

Liver and gallbladder diseases are a significant health concern, with prominent conditions including cirrhosis, hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and gallstones. Jaundice is a common manifestation of liver and biliary disease.
Cirrhosis is characterized by the scarring of hepatic lobules in the liver, which are replaced by fibrous tissue, affecting the liver's normal functioning. NAFLD, on the other hand, is caused by an excessive build-up of fat in the liver, not related to...
Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:25

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Chronic pancreatitis is a long-standing, relapsing inflammation of the pancreas, characterized by irreversible damage to the gland. It results in progressive destruction of the pancreatic parenchyma, fibrosis, and eventual loss of both exocrine and endocrine function. The disease may evolve gradually after multiple episodes of acute pancreatitis or develop independently.EtiologyChronic pancreatitis can arise from a variety of causes:Alcohol use is the leading cause, accounting for 70–80% of...
Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:24

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

The pancreas, an elongated and flat gland situated behind the stomach, serves a vital function in digesting food and managing blood sugar levels.
Pancreatitis is the inflammation of the pancreas, which occurs when the immune system becomes active and causes swelling, pain, and disruptions in organ function. Pancreatitis can manifest as either an acute or chronic condition.
Acute pancreatitis arises suddenly and lasts for a brief duration, while chronic pancreatitis is a long-term affliction...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2026

A Mouse Model of Chronic Liver Fibrosis for the Study of Biliary Atresia
09:12

A Mouse Model of Chronic Liver Fibrosis for the Study of Biliary Atresia

Published on: February 3, 2023

Bacteria and primary biliary cirrhosis.

Dimitrios P Bogdanos1, Diego Vergani

  • 1Liver Immunopathology, Institute of Liver Studies, King's College London School of Medicine, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill Campus, London, SE5 9RS, UK.

Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology
|May 24, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Infectious agents may trigger primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), an autoimmune liver disease. This review explores microbes like E. coli and molecular mimicry in PBC pathogenesis.

Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Immunology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is an immune-mediated liver disease.
  • It involves progressive destruction of intrahepatic bile ducts, leading to cirrhosis and liver failure.
  • Infectious agents are increasingly implicated in its pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review emerging evidence linking specific infectious agents to PBC.
  • To discuss the immunopathological mechanisms involved, including molecular mimicry.
  • To highlight microbial/self immunological cross-reactivity in PBC.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on infectious agents and PBC.
  • Analysis of immunopathological mechanisms.
  • Focus on molecular mimicry and cross-reactivity.

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Primary Sjogren's Syndrome Associated with Lung Adenocarcinoma: Probing the Potential Common Pathogenic Mechanisms and Experimental Verification
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Primary Sjogren's Syndrome Associated with Lung Adenocarcinoma: Probing the Potential Common Pathogenic Mechanisms and Experimental Verification

Published on: September 20, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 5, 2026

A Mouse Model of Chronic Liver Fibrosis for the Study of Biliary Atresia
09:12

A Mouse Model of Chronic Liver Fibrosis for the Study of Biliary Atresia

Published on: February 3, 2023

Primary Sjogren's Syndrome Associated with Lung Adenocarcinoma: Probing the Potential Common Pathogenic Mechanisms and Experimental Verification
10:21

Primary Sjogren's Syndrome Associated with Lung Adenocarcinoma: Probing the Potential Common Pathogenic Mechanisms and Experimental Verification

Published on: September 20, 2024

Main Results:

  • Several infectious agents, including Escherichia coli, mycobacteria, chlamydia, and helicobacter species, are implicated.
  • Novosphingobium aromaticivorans and betaretroviruses are also considered.
  • Molecular mimicry and microbial/self immunological cross-reactivity are key mechanisms.

Conclusions:

  • Infectious agents are significant contributors to the loss of immunological tolerance in PBC.
  • Understanding these microbial triggers is crucial for developing new therapeutic strategies.
  • Further research into microbial-host interactions is warranted for PBC management.