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Related Concept Videos

Determination01:51

Determination

During embryogenesis, cells become progressively committed to different fates through a two-step process: specification followed by determination. Specification is demonstrated by removing a segment of an early embryo, “neutrally” culturing the tissue in vitro—for example, in a petri dish with simple medium—and then observing the derivatives. If the cultured region gives rise to cell types that it would normally generate in the embryo, this means that it is specified. In contrast, determination...
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Gastrulation

Gastrulation establishes the three primary tissues of an embryo: the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. This developmental process relies on a series of intricate cellular movements, which in humans transforms a flat, “bilaminar disc” composed of two cell sheets into a three-tiered structure. In the resulting embryo, the endoderm serves as the bottom layer, and stacked directly above it is the intermediate mesoderm, and then the uppermost ectoderm. Respectively, these tissue strata will form...
Neurulation01:30

Neurulation

Neurulation is the embryological process which forms the precursors of the central nervous system and occurs after gastrulation has established the three primary cell layers of the embryo: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. In humans, the majority of this system is formed via primary neurulation, in which the central portion of the ectoderm—originally appearing as a flat sheet of cells—folds upwards and inwards, sealing off to form a hollow neural tube. As development proceeds, the anterior...
Cell Migration01:19

Cell Migration

Cell migration is a process by which the cells move from one location to another, playing an essential role in embryological development, repair and regeneration, immune response, and metastasis. Cells migrate in response to chemical or mechanical signals generated by specific organs or tissues. The overall mechanism includes three steps - polarization, protrusion, and release. Polarization involves the formation of a distinct cell front and rear, which determines the direction of movement.
Cell Migration01:09

Cell Migration

Cell migration, the process by which cells move from one location to another, is essential for the proper development and viability of organisms throughout their life. When cells are not able to migrate properly to their ordained locations, various disorders may occur. For example, disruption in cell migration causes chronic inflammatory diseases such as arthritis.
Anatomy of the Eyeball01:20

Anatomy of the Eyeball

The eye is a spherical, hollow structure composed of three tissue layers. The outer layer — the fibrous tunic, comprises the sclera — a white structure — and the cornea, which is transparent. The sclera encompasses some of the ocular surface, most of which is not visible. However, the 'white of the eye' is distinctively visible in humans compared to other species. The cornea, a clear covering at the front of the eye, enables light penetration. The eye's middle layer, the vascular tunic,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Multi-Photon Time Lapse Imaging to Visualize Development in Real-time: Visualization of Migrating Neural Crest Cells in Zebrafish Embryos
10:13

Multi-Photon Time Lapse Imaging to Visualize Development in Real-time: Visualization of Migrating Neural Crest Cells in Zebrafish Embryos

Published on: August 9, 2017

The eye organizes neural crest cell migration.

Tobias Langenberg1, Alon Kahana, Joseph A Wszalek

  • 1Department of Zoology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.

Developmental Dynamics : an Official Publication of the American Association of Anatomists
|May 24, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Neural crest cells (NCCs) are crucial for eye development. This study reveals that the eyeless mutant chokh disrupts NCC migration, impacting eye development and potentially causing congenital diseases.

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Multi-Photon Time Lapse Imaging to Visualize Development in Real-time: Visualization of Migrating Neural Crest Cells in Zebrafish Embryos
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Dissection, Culture and Analysis of Primary Cranial Neural Crest Cells from Mouse for the Study of Neural Crest Cell Delamination and Migration
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Dissection, Culture and Analysis of Primary Cranial Neural Crest Cells from Mouse for the Study of Neural Crest Cell Delamination and Migration

Published on: October 3, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Neural crest cells (NCCs) migrate to the anterior head, contributing to eye and orbit development.
  • Disruptions in NCC migration are linked to congenital eye diseases like glaucoma.
  • Mechanisms guiding anterior NCC migration to ocular tissues remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To create a fate map of zebrafish diencephalic and mesencephalic NCC contributions to the eye and orbit.
  • To investigate the role of the eyeless mutant chokh/rx3 in anterior NCC guidance.

Main Methods:

  • Zebrafish fate mapping of diencephalic and mesencephalic NCCs.
  • Analysis of NCC migration in the eyeless mutant chokh/rx3.
  • Time-lapse microscopy to assess NCC migration rates and directionality.

Main Results:

  • Zebrafish NCC fate map shows evolutionary conservation with chick and mice.
  • Dorsal anterior NCC migration is severely disorganized in chokh mutants.
  • NCCs exhibit reduced migration rates and directionality in chokh mutants.

Conclusions:

  • The eyeless gene chokh plays a critical role in guiding anterior neural crest cell migration to the eye.
  • Understanding chokh's function offers insights into congenital eye disease mechanisms.
  • This study establishes a conserved role for chokh in vertebrate eye development.