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Related Concept Videos

The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint02:19

The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint

The spindle assembly checkpoint is a molecular surveillance mechanism ensuring the fidelity of chromosome segregation during anaphase. The checkpoint monitors the completion of all the prerequisite steps before chromosome segregation to determine whether the segregation process should proceed or be delayed.
Many proteins function together to control the spindle assembly checkpoint. Mutations affecting these proteins may allow cells to proceed into anaphase prematurely, resulting in the...
The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint02:19

The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint

The spindle assembly checkpoint is a molecular surveillance mechanism ensuring the fidelity of chromosome segregation during anaphase. The checkpoint monitors the completion of all the prerequisite steps before chromosome segregation to determine whether the segregation process should proceed or be delayed.
Many proteins function together to control the spindle assembly checkpoint. Mutations affecting these proteins may allow cells to proceed into anaphase prematurely, resulting in the...
Spindle Assembly02:50

Spindle Assembly

Spindle assembly occurs through three, often coexisting, pathways – the centrosome-mediated pathway, the chromatin-mediated pathway, and the microtubule-mediated pathway – collectively contributing to form a robust spindle apparatus.
In most cells, centrosomes are the primary microtubule nucleation centers. In the centrosome-mediated pathway, the G2-prophase transition triggers centrosome maturation and increased microtubule nucleation. Progressive nucleation results in a microtubule array...
Spindle Assembly02:50

Spindle Assembly

Spindle assembly occurs through three, often coexisting, pathways – the centrosome-mediated pathway, the chromatin-mediated pathway, and the microtubule-mediated pathway – collectively contributing to form a robust spindle apparatus.
In most cells, centrosomes are the primary microtubule nucleation centers. In the centrosome-mediated pathway, the G2-prophase transition triggers centrosome maturation and increased microtubule nucleation. Progressive nucleation results in a microtubule array...
Separation of Sister Chromatids02:17

Separation of Sister Chromatids

At the transition from prophase to metaphase, there is a reduction in cohesion along the chromosomal arms, resulting in the resolution of sister chromatids. However, residual cohesin connections remain to hold the sister chromatids together until the transition from metaphase to anaphase. The residual connection prevents any premature separation of sister chromatids, blocking the risks of aneuploidy within the daughter cells.
At the onset of anaphase, separase, a proteolytic enzyme, is...
M-Cdk Drives Transition Into Mitosis02:15

M-Cdk Drives Transition Into Mitosis

Checkpoints throughout the cell cycle serve as safeguards and gatekeepers, allowing the cell cycle to progress in favorable conditions and slow or halt it in problematic ones. This regulation is known as the cell cycle control system.
Cyclin-dependent kinases, or Cdks, work in concert with cyclins to control cell cycle transitions. M-Cdk, a complex of Cdk1 bound to M cyclin, is a well-known example of this coordinated control that drives the transition from the G2 to the M phase.
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Imaging Dendritic Spines in Caenorhabditis elegans
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The spindle function of CDCA4.

Limin Wang1, Guixin Zhu, Dong Yang

  • 1Key Laboratory for Cell Proliferation and Regulation of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing China.

Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton
|May 24, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Cellular protein CDCA4 functions in both the nucleus and mitotic spindle. This study reveals its role in spindle organization and chromosome segregation, impacting cell proliferation.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • NuMA is a protein known to function in both the interphase nucleus and mitotic spindle.
  • Identifying proteins with similar dual localization is crucial for understanding cell division and nuclear organization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discover novel proteins with nuclear-mitotic apparatus distribution similar to NuMA.
  • To elucidate the specific roles of the identified protein, CDCA4, during the cell cycle.

Main Methods:

  • cDNA library screening using pooled autoimmune antibodies.
  • Immunofluorescence microscopy to determine protein localization.
  • RNA interference (RNAi) to assess functional consequences of CDCA4 depletion.
  • Analysis of truncated mutants to identify nuclear localization signals.

Main Results:

  • CDCA4, a transcription regulatory protein, exhibits nuclear-mitotic apparatus distribution.
  • CDCA4 localizes to metaphase spindle poles and midzone, and microtubule nucleation foci.
  • RNAi-mediated CDCA4 depletion leads to increased multinuclei and multipolar spindles, affecting chromosome segregation or cytokinesis.
  • CDCA4 depletion accelerates cell proliferation, potentially due to disrupted nuclear transcription suppression.
  • An N-terminal KRKC domain serves as the nuclear localization signal for CDCA4.

Conclusions:

  • CDCA4 is a novel nuclear-mitotic apparatus protein involved in spindle organization from prometaphase.
  • CDCA4 may function as a midzone factor during anaphase, influencing chromosome segregation or cytokinesis.
  • CDCA4's dual role in nuclear functions and spindle organization highlights its importance in cell cycle regulation.